Józef Piłsudski
Jozef Klemens Pilsudski (polj. Józef Klemens Piłsudski; Zalavas, 5. decembar 1867 — Varšava, 12. maj 1935) je bio poljski državnik, maršal, prvi predsednik Poljske (1918 — 1922) i inicijator rata protiv sovjetske Rusije (1920 — 1921).
Jozef Pilsudski | |
Jozef Pilsudski | |
Biografija | |
---|---|
Datum rođenja | 5. decembar 1867. |
Mesto rođenja | Zalavas (Ruska Imperija) |
Datum smrti | 12. maj 1935. |
Mesto smrti | Varšava (Poljska) |
uredi |
Od Prvog svetskog rata pa sve do svoje smrti Pilsudski je imao presudan uticaj u spoljnoj i unutrašnjoj politici Poljske, a bio je i važna politička ličnost u međuratnoj Evropi. Smatra se zaslužnim za ponovno stvaranje nezavisne poljske države, 123 godine nakon podele ostataka Kraljevine Poljske između susednih zemalja.
Od mladosti je bio zagovornik poljske nezavisnosti, a rano je postao uticajan član (kasnije i vođa) Poljske socijalističke partije. Glavnu pretnju video je u Ruskoj Imperiji pa je u početku sarađivao s Nemačkom i Austrougarskom kako bi doprineo ruskom porazu u ratu; nakon toga se udaljio od Centralnih sila i sarađivao sa zapadnim silama Antante. U Poljsko-sovjetskom ratu, kao maršal, izvojevao je pobedu i dodatne teritorijalne dobitke.
Od 1918. do 1922. bio je načelnik države, nakon čega se nakratko povukao iz politike prepuštajući vlast političkim protivnicima. U politički život se vratio 1926. državnim udarom, nakon kojeg je postao diktator i dva puta predsednik vlade (1926—1928. i 1930). Od tada pa do svoje smrti bavio se prvenstveno vojnim i spoljanopolitičkim pitanjima nastojeći očuvati poljsku nezavisnost od mogućih ekpanzionističkih posezanja Nemačke i Sovjetskog Saveza. 1934. je sklopio s Hitlerom desetogodišnji pakt o saradnji i nenapadanju. Bio je na vlasti do smrti 1935.
Literatura
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- Piłsudska, Aleksandra (1941). Pilsudski: A Biography by His Wife. New York: Dodd, Mead. OCLC 65700731.
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- Piłsudski, Józef (1972). Year 1920 and its Climax: Battle of Warsaw during the Polish-Soviet War, 1919–1920, with the Addition of Soviet Marshal Tukhachevski's March beyond the Vistula. New York: Józef Piłsudski Institute of America. ASIN B0006EIT3A.
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- Wójcik, Włodzimierz (1987). Legenda Piłsudskiego w Polskiej literaturze międzywojennej (Piłsudski's Legend in Polish Interwar Literature). Warsaw: Śląsk. ISBN 978-83-216-0533-3.
Vanjske veze
uredi- A site dedicated to Józef Piłsudski and the prewar Poland Arhivirano 2015-08-17 na Wayback Machine-u (pl)
- Dole, Patryk, Marshal Józef Piłsudski. Messiah and Central European Federalist na sajtu Wayback Machine (arhivirano 13. februara 2005.) (en)
- Józef Piłsudski Institute of America (en)/(pl)
- Bibuła Arhivirano 2009-04-23 na Wayback Machine-u – Book by Józef Piłsudski (pl)
- Historical media Arhivirano 2009-04-16 na Wayback Machine-u – Recording of short speech by Piłsudski from 1924 (pl)
Upozorenje: Postavljeni ključ sortiranja "Piłsudski, Józef" zamjenjuje raniji ključ "Pilsudski, Jozef Klemens".