Meshwesh
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| Meshwesh (mšwš.w) na hijeroglifima | ||||||||||
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Meshwesh (često na drevnom egipatskom skraćivano na Ma) su bili drevno libijsko (tj. berbersko) pleme iz Kirenajke. Za vrijeme 19. i 20. dinastije, Meshwesh su bili skoro stalno u sukobu s egipatskom državom. Krajem 21. dinastije, veliki broj Meswesh Libijaca se počeo naseljavati u egipatskoj oblasti Zapadne Delte. Oni su na kraju preuzeli nadzor nad državom krajem 21. dinastije, prvo pod kraljem Osorkonom Starijim. Nakon interregnuma od 38 godina, za vrijeme koga su prijestolje preuzeli domaći egipatski kraljevi Siamun i Psusennes II, Meshweshi su Egiptom vladali kroz 22. i 23. dinastiju pod snažnim vladarima kao što su Shoshenq I, Osorkon I, Osorkon II, Shoshenq III i Osorkon III. Vladavina im je došla kraju tek nakon invazije kušitske 25. dinastije u 20. godini Piyea.
Da su Meshweshi bili libijskog porijekla izričito je navedeno u genealogiji isklesnaoj na stelu Pasenhora (datiranu u vladavinu Shoshenqa V, gdje su Veliki poglavice Meshwesha (uključujući kraljeve 22. dinastije) navedeni kao potomci "Buyuwawe Libijca." Libijsko-berbersko porijeklo Meshwesha se također može vidjeti u osobnim imenima (kao Osorkon, Takelot, Nimlot, Shoshenq, itd.) i nekim ne-egipatskim titulama koje podsjećaju na riječi drevnih i modernih berberskih jezika.
Izvori uredi
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- Wainwright, Geoffrey Avery. 1962. "The Meshwesh." Journal of Egyptian Archæology 48:89–99.
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- Yoyotte, Jean. 1961. "Les principautés du Delta au temps de l'anarchie libyenne (Études d'histoire politique)". In Mélanges Maspero. Volume 1: Orient ancien. Mémoires publiés par les membres de l'Institut français d'archéologie orientale du Caire 66/1 (fascicle 4). Cairo: Imprimerie de l'Institut français d'archéologie orientale du Caire. 121–181.