Farmakokinetika

Farmakokinetika, skraćeno PK, (od starogrčkog pharmakon "lek" i kinetikos "vezano za kretanje") je grana farmakologije koja se bavi izučavanjem promena supstanci doziranih u žive organizme. Supstance od interesa su farmaceutski agensi, hormoni, nutrijenti, i toksini. Ona pokužava da otkrije sudbinu leka od momenta njegovog unosa do tačke u kojoj je kompletno eliminisan iz tela.

Farmakokinetika se može jednostavno definisati kao to što telo radi leku, dok je farmakodinamika usredsređena na to što lek radi telu.[1]

Grafikon koji demonstrira Mihaelis-Menteninov kinetčki model odnosa između enzima i supstrata

Farmakokinetika opisuje kako telo deluje na specifični lek nakon doziranja putem mehanizama apsorpcije i distribucije, kao i hemijske promene supstane u telu (e.g. posredstvom metaboličkih enzima kao što su enzimi citohrom P450 ili glukuronoziltransferaza), i efekte i puteve izlučivanja metabolita leka.[2] Farmakokinetička svojstva leka mogu da budu uslovljena faktorima poput mesta administriranja i doze leka. Ti faktori mogu da utiču na brzinu apsorpcije.[3] Farmakokinetika se često studira zajedno sa farmakodinamikom.

Reference

uredi
  1. Benet LZ (1984). „Pharmacokinetics: Basic Principles and Its Use as a Tool in Drug Metabolism”. u: Horning MG, Mitchell J. Drug metabolism and drug toxicity. New York: Raven Press. ISBN 0-89004-997-1. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2013-10-20. Pristupljeno 2014-03-11. 
  2. Pharmacokinetics. (2006). In Mosby's Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, & Health Professions. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Health Sciences. Retrieved December 11, 2008, from http://www.credoreference.com/entry/6686418
  3. Kathleen Knights; Bronwen Bryant (2002). Pharmacology for Health Professionals. Amsterdam: Elsevier. ISBN 0-7295-3664-5. 

Literatura

uredi
  • Benet LZ (1984). „Pharmacokinetics: Basic Principles and Its Use as a Tool in Drug Metabolism”. u: Horning MG, Mitchell J. Drug metabolism and drug toxicity. New York: Raven Press. ISBN 0-89004-997-1. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2013-10-20. Pristupljeno 2014-03-11. 
  • Kathleen Knights; Bronwen Bryant (2002). Pharmacology for Health Professionals. Amsterdam: Elsevier. ISBN 0-7295-3664-5. 
  • Alberts et al., Introducción a la Biología Celular, pág. 375-376, 2ª edición, Ed. Médica Panamericana
  • Alberts et al., Biología Molecular de la célula, pág. 595, 4ª edición, Ed. Omega
  • Armijo JA. 2003. Farmacocinética: Absorción, Distribución y Eliminación de los Fármacos. En: Flórez J, Armijo JA, Mediavilla A, Farmacología Humana, 4ta edición. Masson. Barcelona. pp: 51-79.
  • Balani SK, Miwa GT, Gan LS, Wu JT, Lee FW., Strategy of utilizing in vitro and in vivo ADME tools for lead optimization and drug candidate selection, Curr Top Med Chem. 2005;5(11):1033-8.
  • Beal, S.; Sheiner L.B. "The NONMEM System". The American Statistician 34: 118–9. (1980). doi:10.2307/2684123.
  • Cooper, La célula, pág 470-471, 2ª edición, Ed. Marbán
  • Covey TR, Lee ED, Henion JD "High-speed liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of drugs in biological samples". Anal. Chem. 58: 2453–60. (October 1986). doi:10.1021/ac00125a022. PMID 3789400.
  • Covey TR, JB Crowther, EA Dewey, JD Henion "Thermospray liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry determination of drugs and their metabolites in biological fluids". Anal. Chem. 57 (2): 474–81. (February 1985). doi:10.1021/ac50001a036. PMID 3977076.
  • Danielson P (2002). "The cytochrome P450 superfamily: biochemistry, evolution and drug metabolism in humans". Curr Drug Metab 3 (6): 561-97. PMID 12369887.
  • Davies K (1995). "Oxidative stress: the paradox of aerobic life". Biochem Soc Symp 61: 1-31. PMID 8660387.
  • Devlin, T. M. 2004. Bioquímica, 4ª edición. Reverté, Barcelona. ISBN 84-291-7208-4
  • Galvão T, Mohn W, de Lorenzo V (2005). "Exploring the microbial biodegradation and biotransformation gene pool". Trends Biotechnol 23 (10): 497-506. PMID 16125262.
  • Hsieh Y, Korfmacher WA "Increasing speed and throughput when using HPLC-MS/MS systems for drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic screening". Current Drug Metabolism 7 (5): 479–89.(June 2006). PMID 16787157. Disponible en [1][mrtav link]
  • Janssen D, Dinkla I, Poelarends G, Terpstra P (2005). "Bacterial degradation of xenobiotic compounds: evolution and distribution of novel enzyme activities". Environ Microbiol 7 (12): 1868-82. PMID 16309386.
  • Kathleen Knights; Bronwen Bryant (2002). Pharmacology for Health Professionals. Amsterdam: Elsevier. ISBN 0-7295-3664-5.
  • King C, Rios G, Green M, Tephly T (2000). "UDP-glucuronosyltransferases". Curr Drug Metab 1 (2): 143-61. PMID 11465080.
  • Malcolm Rowland, Thomas N. Tozer. "Farmacocinética clínica: Conceptos y Aplicaciones"
  • Pharmacokinetics. (2006). En Mosby's Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, & Health Professions. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Health Sciences. Disponible en [2] Última visita 11, diciembre de 2008,
  • Sheehan D, Meade G, Foley V, Dowd C (2001). "Structure, function and evolution of glutathione transferases: implications for classification of non-mammalian members of an ancient enzyme superfamily". Biochem J 360 (Pt 1): 1-16. PMID 11695986.
  • Sheiner, L.B.; Beal, S.L., Rosenberg, B. Marathe, V.V. "Forecasting Individual Pharmacokinetics". Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 26: 294–305. (1979). PMID 466923.
  • Sheiner, L.B.; Rosenberg, B., Marathe, V.V. "Estimation of Population Characteristics of Pharmacokinetic Parameters from Routine Clinical Data". J. Pharmacokin. Biopharm. 5: 445–79. 1.997 doi:10.1007/BF01061728.
  • Sies H (1997). "Oxidative stress: oxidants and antioxidants". Exp Physiol 82 (2): 291-5. PMID 9129943.
  • Singh SS., Preclinical pharmacokinetics: an approach towards safer and efficacious drugs, Curr Drug Metab. 2006 Feb;7(2):165-82.
  • Testa B, Krämer S (2006). "The biochemistry of drug metabolism--an introduction: part 1. Principles and overview". Chem Biodivers 3 (10): 1053-101. PMID 17193224.
  • Tetko IV, Bruneau P, Mewes HW, Rohrer DC, Poda GI., Can we estimate the accuracy of ADME-Tox predictions?, Drug Discov Today. 2006 Aug;11(15-16):700-7, pre-print Arhivirano 2013-09-12 na Wayback Machine-u.
  • Tu B, Weissman J (2004). "Oxidative protein folding in eukaryotes: mechanisms and consequences". J Cell Biol 164 (3): 341-6. PMID 14757749.
  • Vertuani S, Angusti A, Manfredini S (2004). "The antioxidants and pro-antioxidants network: an overview". Curr Pharm Des 10 (14): 1677-94. PMID 15134565.

Povezano

uredi

Spoljašnje veze

uredi