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Ratni zarobljenici – razlika između verzija

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Red 2:
'''Ratni zarobljenik''' je [[lice]] koga su neprijateljske snage zarobile tokom ili nakon oružanog konflikta.
 
Jedna od osnovnih karakteristika [[Borački status|boračkog statusa]] je da ukoliko borci padnu pod vlast neprijatelja oni dobijaju status ratnih zarobljenika.
 
Pored boraca, [[Treća ženevska konvencija|Trećom Ženevskom konvencijom]] status ratnih zarobljenika u slučaju zarobljavanja priznat je [[civil]]ima koji prate oružane snage iako neposredno ne ulaze u njihov sastav, kao i članovima posada [[trgovina|trgovačke]] [[ratna mornarica|mornarice]] i civilnog [[vazduhoplovstvo|vazduhoplovstva]] strana u sukobu ukoliko u konkretnom slučaju po međunarodnom pravu ne uživaju povoljniji tretman. Reč je o istom krugu lica kojima je priznat status [[ranjenik]]a, bolesnika i [[brodolomnik]]a.
 
Pored ovih lica status ratnih zarobljenika imaju i pripadnici oružanih snaga okupiranih zemalja ukoliko okupator odluči da pristupi njihovom [[Interniranje|imterniranju]] kao i sva lica kojima je priznat ovaj status koja su na svoju teritoriju primile neutralne i nezaraćene sile pod uslovom da im ne bude priznat povoljniji položaj.
 
Postoje i lica kojima, iako ulaze u sastav oružanih snaga jedne od zaraćenih strana, ni u slučaju zarobljavanja, neće biti priznat status ratnih zarobljenika. Reč je o [[Plaćenik|plaćenicima]] i [[Špijunaža|špijunima]].
 
Pod plaćenicima se podrazumevaju pre svega lica koja u neprijateljstvima učestvuju prevashodno motivisana ličnom korišću, koja nisu državljani strane u sukobu i koja su uglavnom regrutovana u inostranstvu. Špijunima se smatraju pripadnici oružanih snaga strane u sukobu ukoliko su uhvaćeni u špijunaži i nalaze se u vlasti protivničke strane. Pri tome, na osnovu tradicionalnog koncepta pravi se razlika između lica koja su se bavila špijunažom u uniformi svojih oružanih snaga ili bez nje, tako da se uniformisani obaveštajci za razliku od ovih drugih, neće smatrati špijunima.
 
Svrha interniranja ratnih zarobljenika nije njihovo kažnjavanje, imajući u vidu da oni ne mogu da odgovaraju za učestvovanje u neprijateljstvima već sprečavanje njihovog daljeg učestvovanja u borbi. Saglasno toma odredbe koje se tiču njihovog položaja predstavljaju kompromis između interesa sile u čijoj se vlasti nalaze, interesa sile kojoj zarobljenici pripadaju i interesa samih ratnih zarobljenika.
 
Pored opšteg nivoa zaštite koji je priznat i ostalim kategorijama [[zaštićena lica|zaštićenih lica]] a koja podrazumeva obavezu poštovanja fizičkog i psihičkog integriteta, ratni zarobljenici saglasno svom specifičnom statusu uživaju i dodatna prava. Tako na primer oni ne smeju biti prinudno ispitivani, niti se prema njima sme primeniti bilo koja metoda radi dobijanja informacija. Sila koja ih drži u zarobljeništvu mora obezbediti adekvatne uslove za njihov smeštaj, ishranu i odevanje, i ovi uslovi ne smeju biti nepovoljniji od uslova obezbeđenim sopstvenim jedinicama na tim mestima. U slučaju pokušaja bekstva, ratni zarobljenici mogu biti samo disciplinski kažnjeni dok im za krivična dela izvršena dok su pod ovim statusom mora biti obezbeđen pravičan i nepristrasan [[sudski postupak]].
Red 24:
* [http://www.gendercide.org/case_soviet.html Gendercide site]
* "Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the Twentieth Century", Greenhill Books, London, 1997, G. F. Krivosheev, editor.
* "Keine Kameraden. Die Wehrmacht und die sowjetischen Kriegsgefangenen 1941–1945", Dietz, Bonn 1997, {{ISBN |3-8012-5023-7}}
*The stories of several American fighter pilots, shot down over North Vietnam are the focus of American Film Foundation's 1999 documentary ''Return with Honor'', presented by Tom Hanks.
*Lewis H. Carlson, ''WE WERE EACH OTHER'S PRISONERS: An Oral History of World War II American and German Prisoners of War'', 1st Edition.; 1997, BasicBooks (HarperCollins, Inc).{{ISBN |0-465-09120-2}}.
* Peter Dennis, Jeffrey Grey, Ewan Morris, Robin Prior with Jean Bou : ''The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History'' 2nd edition (Melbourne: Oxford University Press Australia & New Zealand, 2008) oclc 489040963.
*H.S. Gullett, ''Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–18, Vol. VII The Australian Imperial Force in Sinai and Palestine'' 10th edition (Sydney: Angus & Robinson, 1941) oclc 220900153.
*Alfred James Passfield, ''The Escape Artist: An WW2 Australian prisoner's chronicle of life in German POW camps and his eight escape attempts'', 1984 Artlook Books Western Australia. {{ISBN |0-86445-047-8}}.
* Rivett, Rohan D. (1946). ''Behind Bamboo''. Sydney: Angus & Robertson. Republished by Penguin, 1992; {{ISBN |0-14-014925-2}}.
* George G. Lewis and John Mewha, ''History of prisoner of war utilization by the United States Army, 1776–1945''; Dept. of the Army, 1955.
* Vetter, Hal, '' Mutine at Koje Island''; Charles Tuttle Company, Vermont, 1965.
* Jin, Ha, ''War Trash: A novel''; Pantheon, 2004. {{ISBN |978-0-375-42276-8}}.
* Sean Longden, ''Hitler's British Slaves''. First Published Arris Books, 2006. Second Edition, Constable Robinson, 2007.
* Desflandres, Jean, '' Rennbahn: Trente-deux mois de captivité en Allemagne 1914–1917 Souvenirs d'un soldat belge, étudiant à l'université libre de Bruxelles '' 3rd edition (Paris, 1920)
* Devaux, Roger. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=lywC8ztFY8oC&pg=PA142#v=onepage&q&f=false Treize Qu'ils Etaient]: Life of the French prisoners of war at the peasants of low Bavaria (1939–1945)'' — Mémoires et Cultures—2007—ISBN Cultures—2007—{{ISBN|2-916062-51-3}}
* Doylem Robert C. ''The Enemy in Our Hands: America's Treatment of Prisoners of War From the Revolution to the War on Terror'' (University Press of Kentucky, 2010); 468 pages; Sources include American soldiers' own narratives of their experiences guarding POWs at the Pritzker Military Library on 26 June 2010
*Gascare, Pierre. ''Histoire de la captivité des Français en Allemagne (1939–1945)'', Éditions Gallimard, France, 1967 – {{ISBN |2-07-022686-7}}.
*McGowran, Tom, ''Beyond the Bamboo Screen: Scottish Prisoners of War under the Japanese.'' 1999. Cualann Press Ltd
*Arnold Krammer, ''''Nazi Prisoners of War in America'' 1979 Stein & Day; 1991, 1996 Scarborough House. {{ISBN |0-8128-8561-9}}.
*Bob Moore,& Kent Fedorowich eds., ''Prisoners of War and Their Captors in World War II'', Berg Press, Oxford, UK, 1997.
* Bob Moore, and Kent Fedorowich. ''The British Empire and Its Italian Prisoners of War, 1940–1947'' (2002) [http://www.amazon.com/British-Empire-Italian-Prisoners-1940-1947/dp/0333738926/ excerpt and text search]
Red 46:
* Scheipers, Sibylle [http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0159-2011050916 ''Prisoners and Detainees in War ''], European History Online, Mainz: Institute of European History, 2011, retrieved: 16 November 2011.
*Paul J. Springer. ''America's Captives: Treatment of POWs From the Revolutionary War to the War on Terror'' (University Press of Kansas; 2010); 278 pages; Argues that the US military has failed to incorporate lessons on POW policy from each successive conflict.
*{{cite book |last1=Vance |first1=Jonathan F. |location=Millerton, NY |publisher=Grey House Pub, 2006. |title=The Encyclopedia of Prisoners of War & Internment |edition=Second |format=PDF |date=March 2006 |type=Hardcover |page=800 |isbn=1-59237-120-5}} |{{ISBN |978-1-59237-120-4 }}EBook {{ISBN |978-1-59237-170-9}}
*Richard D. Wiggers, "The United States and the Denial of Prisoner of War (POW) Status at the End of the Second World War", ''Militargeschichtliche Mitteilungen'' 52 (1993) pp. 91–94.
*Winton, Andrew, ''Open Road to Faraway: Escapes from Nazi POW Camps 1941–1945.'' 2001. Cualann Press Ltd.
Red 52:
* United States. Government Accountability Office. [http://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo40670 ''DOD's POW/MIA Mission: Capability and Capacity to Account for Missing Persons Undermined by Leadership Weaknesses and Fragmented Organizational Structure: Testimony before the Subcommittee on Military Personnel, Committee on Armed Services, U.S. House of Representatives.''] Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2013.
* On 12 February 2013, three American POWs gathered at the Pritzker Military Library for a [http://www.pritzkermilitarylibrary.org/Home/POW-experience.aspx webcast conversation] regarding their individual experiences as POWs and the memoirs they each published:
**Rhonda Cornum – with Peter Copeland ''She Went to War: The Rhonda Cornum Story'' 1992 {{ISBN |9780891414636}}
**John L. Borling – a collection of his poetry ''Taps on the Walls: Poems from the Hanoi Hilton'' 2013 {{ISBN |9780615659053}}
**Donald E. Casey – ''To Fight For My Country, Sir!: Memoirs of a 19 year old B-17 Navigator Shot Down in Nazi Germany'' 2009 {{ISBN |9781448669875}}
 
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Izvor: https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratni_zarobljenici