Socijaldemokratija

(Preusmjereno sa stranice Socijaldemokracija)

Socijaldemokratija je politička filozofija koja je nastala u drugoj polovini 19. vijeka kao jedna od političkih teorija u pokretu socijalne pravde i ljevice.[4][5][6] Danas se socijaldemokratija obično smiješta na lijevi centar političkog spektra.[7][8][9][10]

Crvena zastava, simbol pokreta socijalne pravde i socijaldemokratije
Crvena ruža, jedan od simbola pokreta socijalne pravde, koji predstavlja simbol demokratije i antiautoritarizma u načinu djelovanja protiv društvenih nepravdi[1][2][3]

Izvorna socijaldemokratija je razvijala antikapitalistički program.[11][12][13][14] Ali, vremenom se okrenula političkom pragmatizmu.[15][16] Pragmatična socijaldemokratija se fokusira samo na minimalni program, kojim u okviru institucija predstavničke, parlamentarne demokratije i tržišne kapitalističke ekonomije nastoji sprovesti djelimičnu promjenu utemeljenu na ekonomskoj ulozi javnog sektora, javnim propisima, programima, investicijama i servisima koji bi trebalo da rade na ublažavanju nepravdi koje nanosi neregulisani, liberalni model tržišne kapitalističke ekonomije.[17][18][19][20][21][22] Praktična realizacija takve djelimične promjene u okviru institucija parlamentarne demokratije i tržišne kapitalističke ekonomije obično se naziva socijalno odgovornom državom ili državom blagostanja.[19][23][24][25][26] Socijaldemokratija se smatra umjerenom strujom u savremenom ljevičarskom pokretu.[27][28][29][30]

Karakteristike

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Obilježja socijaldemokratije:[22][31][32]

Umjerena progresivna stranka u matičnom toku zemlje koja je zasnovana na parlamentarnoj demokratiji i tržišnoj kapitalističkoj ekonomiji, sa glasačkim tijelom kako u nižoj klasi tako i u srednjoj klasi, mogla bi biti opisana kao socijaldemokratska politička stranka lijevog centra.[33][34] Dok bi stranka sa većim zahtjevima i ciljevima, koja ima glasačko tijelo među onim dijelom malobrojnije, ali svjesnije srednje i niže klase, fizičke i intelektualne, te sa istorijom podrške i učešća u emancipatorskim i progresivnim pokretima, mogla biti opisana kao politička stranka radikalnije, nove ljevice.[35][36][37][38]

Socijaldemokratske stranke, kao i druge savremene ljevičarske stranke, obično ističu sljedeće vrijednosti:[39]

  • sloboda — ne samo ljudske slobode, nego i sloboda od diskriminacije, sloboda demokratske participacije i sloboda od zavisnosti, ekstremnog siromaštva, straha i zloupotrebe političke, ekonomske i druge moći i položaja;
  • jednakost — ne samo pred zakonom, nego i jednake šanse i mogućnosti za sve ljude u raznim oblastima života, bez obzira na identitetske različitosti, uključujući i one osobe sa poteškoćama bilo koje vrste;
  • solidarnost — pokazivanje razumijevanja i saosjećanja prema osobama koje su žrtve nekog oblika diskriminacije, nepravde, neravnopravnosti ili nezgodnog sticaja okolnosti, te lična spremnost zajedničkog djelovanja sa drugima na pronalaženju načina za umanjivanje i sprječavanje takvih pojava. Ovo načelo podrazumijeva i razvijanje institucionalnih oblika solidarnosti, te internacionalne solidarnosti.
 
Klement Atli, socijaldemokrata i premijer Velike Britanije (1945—1951)
 
Vili Brant, socijaldemokrata i kancelar Nemačke (1969—1974)
 
Ulof Palme, socijaldemokrata i premijer Švedske (1969—1976 i 1982—1986)
 
Helen Klark, socijaldemokratkinja i premijerka Novog Zelanda (1999—2008)

Socijaldemokratija se protivi svakom obliku autoritarizma i jednopartizma.[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] Prema tome, socijaldemokratija se protivi konceptima jednopartijskog modela vlasti, koje su zastupale takozvane boljševičko-komunističke partije 20. vijeka.[48][49][50][51][52]

Popis socijaldemokratskih stranaka

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Popis socijaldemokrata i socijaldemokratkinja

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Povezano

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Izvori

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  1. "About Our Logo". Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Archives. New York University. Archived from the original on 2017-07-02. Retrieved May 25, 2016.
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  13. Marx, Karl (1972). Padover, Saul K., The Karl Marx Library. Volume I: On Revolution. New York: McGraw-Hill.
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Vanjske veze

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