Direktorij – razlika između verzija
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{{Izmjena_u_toku}}
[[File:Dir command in Windows Command Prompt.png|300px|thumb
Datoteke su organizirane pohranjivanjem povezanih datoteka u isti direktorij. U hijerarhijskom sistemu datoteka (to je onaj u kojem su datoteke i direktoriji organizirani na način koji podsjeća na stablo), direktorij koji se nalazi u drugom direktoriju se zove '''poddirektorij''' ili '''subdirektorij'''. Pojmovi '''parent''' i '''child''' se često koriste u engleskom jeziku da opišu vezu između poddirektorija i direktorija u kojem je ovaj prethodni katalogiziran, dok je ovaj drugi parent - roditelj. Direktorij koji sadrži sve direktorije u sistemu datoteka, a ne nalazi se pritom ni u jednom direktoriju, naziva se '''root''' direktorij.
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[[File:Files11_directory_hierarchy.svg|thumb|
Historically, and even on some modern [[embedded system]]s, the file systems either have no support for directories at all or only have a "flat" [[directory structure]], meaning subdirectories are not supported; there is only a group of top-level directories each containing files. The first popular fully general hierarchical file system was that of [[Multics]].{{citation needed|date=December 2012}} This type of file system was an early research interest of [[Dennis Ritchie]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}}
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In keeping with [[Unix philosophy]], Unix systems treat directories as a type of file.<ref>"Everything is a File" (''[http://www.bga.org/~lessem/psyc5112/usail/concepts/filesystems/everything-is-a-file.html Unix System Administration Independent Learning (mirror)]'')</ref>
===Folder
[[File:Crystal folder.png|thumb|
The name ''folder'', presenting an analogy to the [[file folder]] used in offices, and used in a hierarchical file system design for the [[Electronic Recording Machine, Accounting]] (ERMA) Mark 1 published in 1958<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Barnard III|first1=G. A.|last2=Fein|first2=L.|title=Organization and Retrieval of Records Generated in a Large-Scale Engineering Project|journal=Proceedings of the Eastern Joint Computer Conference|date=1958|pages=59-63|doi=10.1109/AFIPS.1958.75|url=http://www.computer.org/csdl/proceedings/afips/1958/5053/00/50530059-abs.html}}</ref> as well as by [[Xerox Star]],<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cn4vC80Pv6Q/ "Xerox Star User Interface (1982)"]</ref> is used in almost all modern [[operating system]]s' desktop environments. Folders are often depicted with [[Computer icon|icon]]s which visually resemble physical file folders.
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== Lookup cache ==
Operating systems that support hierarchical filesystems (practically all modern ones) implement a form of [[Cache (computing)|caching]] to [[RAM]] of recent [[pathnames]] lookups. In the [[Unix]] world, this is usually called '''Directory Name Lookup Cache''' (DNLC), although it is called '''dcache''' on [[Linux]].<Ref name="dlnc">http://www.citi.umich.edu/projects/nfs-perf/results/cel/dnlc.html</ref>
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