Direktorij – razlika između verzija

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[[File:Dir command in Windows Command Prompt.png|300px|thumb|right|Screenshot of a [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]] commandkomandnog prompttekstualnog windowinterfejsa showingkoji aprikazuje directorylistu listingdirektorija.]]
 
InU [[computingračunarstvo|računarstvu]], a '''directorydirektorij''' isje akataloška [[filestruktura system]]sistema catalogingdatoteka structurekoja whichsadrži containsreference referencesprema toostalim otherračunarskim [[computer file]]sdatotekama, andi često possiblyprema otherdrugim directoriesdirektorijima. OnNa manyviše computersračunara, directoriesdirektoriji aresu knownpoznati askao '''foldersfolderi''', '''catalogskatalozi''' (<code>catalog</code> wasse usedkoristi on thena [[Apple II]], the [[Commodore 128]] andi somenekim otherdrugim earlyranijim homekućnim computersračunarima askao akomanda commandza forprikazivanje displayingsadržaja disk contentsdiska; thesistemi filesystemsdatoteka usedkorišteni byod thesestrane ovih DOS-ova didne notpodržavaju supporthijerarhiju hierarchal directoriesdirektorija), orili '''drawersladice'''<ref>{{cite book |title=Using The AMIGA Workbench |date=July 1991 |publisher=Commodore-Amiga |chapter=Chapter 1: Tutorial |page=46 |quote=The path specifies the disk name, or location, and all of the drawers that lead to the specified file.}}</ref> toda providepruže someneku relevancyrelevantnost toprema aradnom [[workbench]]okruženju orkao thetradicionalni traditionaluredski officekabinet [[file cabinet]]datoteka. OnNa [[Microsoft Windows]]-u, the termspojmovi ''folder'' andi ''directory'' arese usednaizmjenično interchangeablykoriste.<ref>{{cite book |last=Murach |first=Joel |title=Murach's C# 2005 |url=http://www.murach.com/books/csh5/ |format= |year=2006 |publisher=Mike Murach & Associates |location= |isbn=978-1-890774-37-0 |pages=34 |quote=With the introduction of Windows 95, Microsoft started referring to directories as folders.}}</ref>
 
Datoteke su organizirane pohranjivanjem povezanih datoteka u isti direktorij. U hijerarhijskom sistemu datoteka (to je onaj u kojem su datoteke i direktoriji organizirani na način koji podsjeća na stablo), direktorij koji se nalazi u drugom direktoriju se zove '''poddirektorij''' ili '''subdirektorij'''. Pojmovi '''parent''' i '''child''' se često koriste u engleskom jeziku da opišu vezu između poddirektorija i direktorija u kojem je ovaj prethodni katalogiziran, dok je ovaj drugi parent - roditelj. Direktorij koji sadrži sve direktorije u sistemu datoteka, a ne nalazi se pritom ni u jednom direktoriju, naziva se '''root''' direktorij.
Files are organized by storing related files in the same directory. In a [[hierarchy|hierarchical]] [[filesystem]] (that is, one in which files and directories are organized in a manner that resembles a [[tree structure|tree]]), a directory contained inside another directory is called a '''subdirectory'''. The terms '''parent''' and '''child''' are often used to describe the relationship between a subdirectory and the directory in which it is cataloged, the latter being the parent. The top-most directory in such a filesystem, which does not have a parent of its own, is called the '''root''' directory.
 
== OverviewPregled ==
[[File:Files11_directory_hierarchy.svg|thumb|right|DiagramDijagram ofhijerarhijskog adirektorijskog hierarchal directory treerasporeda. The rootKorijenski directorydirektorij isse hereovdje calledzove 'MFD'.]]
Historically, and even on some modern [[embedded system]]s, the file systems either have no support for directories at all or only have a "flat" [[directory structure]], meaning subdirectories are not supported; there is only a group of top-level directories each containing files. The first popular fully general hierarchical file system was that of [[Multics]].{{citation needed|date=December 2012}} This type of file system was an early research interest of [[Dennis Ritchie]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}}
 
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In keeping with [[Unix philosophy]], Unix systems treat directories as a type of file.<ref>"Everything is a File" (''[http://www.bga.org/~lessem/psyc5112/usail/concepts/filesystems/everything-is-a-file.html Unix System Administration Independent Learning (mirror)]'')</ref>
 
===Folder metaphormetafora ===
[[File:Crystal folder.png|thumb|right|SampleIkona folder icondirektorija (fromiz [[KDE]] interfejsa - Linux).]]
The name ''folder'', presenting an analogy to the [[file folder]] used in offices, and used in a hierarchical file system design for the [[Electronic Recording Machine, Accounting]] (ERMA) Mark 1 published in 1958<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Barnard III|first1=G. A.|last2=Fein|first2=L.|title=Organization and Retrieval of Records Generated in a Large-Scale Engineering Project|journal=Proceedings of the Eastern Joint Computer Conference|date=1958|pages=59-63|doi=10.1109/AFIPS.1958.75|url=http://www.computer.org/csdl/proceedings/afips/1958/5053/00/50530059-abs.html}}</ref> as well as by [[Xerox Star]],<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cn4vC80Pv6Q/ "Xerox Star User Interface (1982)"]</ref> is used in almost all modern [[operating system]]s' desktop environments. Folders are often depicted with [[Computer icon|icon]]s which visually resemble physical file folders.
 
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== Lookup cache ==
{{expand section|date=December 2013}}
Operating systems that support hierarchical filesystems (practically all modern ones) implement a form of [[Cache (computing)|caching]] to [[RAM]] of recent [[pathnames]] lookups. In the [[Unix]] world, this is usually called '''Directory Name Lookup Cache''' (DNLC), although it is called '''dcache''' on [[Linux]].<Ref name="dlnc">http://www.citi.umich.edu/projects/nfs-perf/results/cel/dnlc.html</ref>