Chipset – razlika između verzija

[[Datoteka:Chipset schematic.svg|thumb|270px|Dijagram čipseta (na engleskom jeziku) ]]

 

 

== Računari ==

 

U [[računarstvo|računarstvu]], termin ''chipset'' je obično korišten da opiše set specijalnih čipova na [[kompjuter]]skoj [[matična ploča|matičnoj ploči]] ili na kartici za proširenje. Kod [[personalni računari|personalnih računara]], prvi chipset za IBM Personal Computer/AT je bila NEAT chipset kojeg je proizvela [[Chips and Technologies]] za [[Intel 80286]] procesore.

[[Datoteka:IBM T42 Motherboard IMG 2591a.jpg|thumb|300px|Dio IBM-ove T42 laptop matične ploče. LEGENDA: CPU - centralna jedinica. NB - sjeverni most. GPU - grafička procesorska jedinica. SB - južni most]]

 

 

 

 

Traditionally in x86 computers, the processor's primary connection to the rest of the machine is through the motherboard chipset's northbridge. The northbridge is directly responsible for communications with high-speed devices (system memory and primary expansion buses, such as PCIe, AGP and PCI cards, being common examples) and conversely any system communication back to the processor. This connection between the processor and northbridge is traditionally known as the [[front side bus]] (FSB). Requests to resources not directly controlled by the northbridge are offloaded to the southbridge, with the northbridge being an intermediary between the processor and the southbridge. The southbridge traditionally handles "everything else", generally lower-speed peripherals and board functions (the largest being hard disk and storage connectivity) such as USB, parallel and serial communications. The connection between the northbridge and southbridge does not have a common name, but is usually a high-speed interconnect proprietary to the chipset vendor.

 

Before 2003, any interaction between a CPU and main memory or an expansion device such as a graphics card(s) — whether [[AGP]], PCI or integrated into the motherboard — was directly controlled by the northbridge IC on behalf of the processor. This made processor performance highly dependent on the system chipset, especially the northbridge's memory performance and ability to shuttle this information back to the processor. In 2003, however, AMD's introduction of the Athlon 64-bit series of processors<ref name="release">{{cite web|url=http://www.amd.com/usen/Corporate/VirtualPressRoom/0,,51_104_543_10218~74465,00.html|title=AMD Ushers in Era of Cinematic Computing with the AMD Athlon 64 FX Processor|accessdate=2006-07-04|date=2003-09-23}}</ref> changed this. The Athlon64 marked the introduction of an integrated memory controller being incorporated into the processor itself thus allowing the processor to directly access and handle memory, negating the need for a traditional northbridge to do so. Intel followed suit in 2008 with the release of its [[Core i]] series CPUs and the X58 platform. In newer processors integration has further increased, primarily inclusion of the system's primary PCIe controller and integrated graphics directly on the CPU itself. As fewer functions are left un-handled by the processor, chipset vendors have condensed the remaining northbridge and southbridge functions into a single chip. Intel's version of this is the "[[Platform Controller Hub]]" (PCH), effectively an enhanced southbridge for the remaining peripherals as traditional northbridge duties, such as memory controller, expansion bus (PCIe) interface, and even on-board video controller, are integrated into the CPU itself.

 

{{reflist}}