YouTube – razlika između verzija
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Red 33:
==Historija kompanije==
{{Main|Historija YouTube-a}}
YouTube su osnovali [[Steve Chen]], [[Chad Hurley]] i [[Jawed Karim]], koji su bili među prvim zaposlenicima [[PayPal|PayPal-a]].<ref>{{cite web |first=Jefferson |last=Graham |title=Video websites pop up, invite postings |url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/tech/news/techinnovations/2005-11-21-video-websites_x.htm |website=[[USA Today]] |publisher=[[Gannett Company]] |date=November 21, 2005 |accessdate=March 26, 2017}}</ref> Hurley je studirao dizajn na [[Indiana University of Pennsylvania|Indiana Univerzitetu Pennsylvanije]], a Chen i Karim su zajedno studirali [[informatika|informatiku]] na [[University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign|Univerzitetu Illinois u Urbana-Champaignu]].<ref>{{cite web |title=YouTube: Sharing Digital Camera Videos |publisher=[[University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign]] |url=http://www.cs.uiuc.edu/news/articles.php?id=2006Feb3-126 |accessdate=November 29, 2008 |
Karim je rekao da je inspiracija za YouTube prvi put došla po ulozi [[Janet Jackson]] u [[Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy|incidentu na Super Bowlu]] iz 2004, kada joj je dojka postala vidljiva tokom performansa, a kasnije po [[Cunami u Indijskom oceanu 2004.|cunamiju u Indijskom okeanu 2004]]. Karim na internetu nije lako mogao da pronađe videoklipove nijednog događaja, što ga je dovelo na ideju o sajtu za dijeljenje videa.<ref>{{cite web |first=Jim |last=Hopkins |title=Surprise! There's a third YouTube co-founder |url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/tech/news/2006-10-11-youtube-karim_x.htm |website=[[USA Today]] |publisher=[[Gannett Company]] |date=October 11, 2006 |accessdate=March 26, 2017}}</ref> Hurley i Chen su rekli da je originalna ideja za YouTube bila videoverzija [[onlajn servis za upoznavanje|onlajn servisa za upoznavanje]], te pod uticajem web-sajta [[Hot or Not]].<ref name="YouTube gurus"/><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050428014715/https://www.youtube.com/ Earliest surviving version of the YouTube website] [[Wayback Machine]], April 28, 2005. Retrieved June 19, 2013.</ref> Poteškoće u pronalasku dovoljno videa za upoznavanje dovele su do promjene planova, a osnivači sajta su odlučili da prihvate otpremanja bilo kojeg tipa videa.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Stuart |last=Dredge |title=YouTube was meant to be a video-dating website |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/mar/16/youtube-past-video-dating-website |work=The Guardian|date=March 16, 2016 |accessdate=March 15, 2019}}</ref>
Red 41:
[[File:Youtube logo.jpg|thumb|Logo YouTube-a od pokretanja do 2011, sa bivšim sloganom ''Emituj se'']]
YouTube je počeo kao tehnološki startap finansiran kapitalom poduhvata, primarno investicijom od 11,5 miliona dolara od [[Sequoia Capital]]a te investicijom od 8 miliona dolara od Artis Capital Managementa u periodu između novembra 2005. i aprila 2006. godine.<ref>{{Cite news |first1=Miguel |last1=Helft |first2=Matt |last2=Richtel |title=Venture Firm Shares a YouTube Jackpot |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/10/technology/10payday.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=October 10, 2006 |accessdate=March 26, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Helft |first1=Miguel |title=San Francisco Hedge Fund Invested in YouTube |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/12/technology/12hedges.html |work=The New York Times |issue=Vol.156, Issue 53,730 |date=October 12, 2006 |language=en}}</ref> Prva sjedišta YouTube-a bila su smještena iznad picerije i japanskog restorana u [[San Mateo, California|San Mateu]] (California).<ref>{{Cite news |first=Sara |last=Kehaulani Goo |title=Ready for Its Close-Up |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/10/06/AR2006100600660.html |website=[[The Washington Post]] |publisher=[[Jeff Bezos|Nash Holdings LLC]] |date=October 7, 2006 |accessdate=March 26, 2017}}</ref> [[Ime domene]] <code>www.youtube.com</code> aktivirano je 14. februara 2005, a web-sajt je razvijen u toku nekoliko uslijedjelih mjeseci.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://whois.domaintools.com/youtube.com |title=Whois Record for <code>www.youtube.com</code> |accessdate=April 1, 2009 |publisher=DomainTools}}</ref> Prvi video na YouTube-u, naslovljen ''[[Me at the zoo]]'', prikazuje koosnivača Jaweda Karima u [[Zoološki vrt San Diego|Sandiješkom zoou]].<ref>{{Cite news |first=Richard |last=Alleyne |title=YouTube: Overnight success has sparked a backlash |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/2480280/YouTube-Overnight-success-has-sparked-a-backlash.html |website=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |publisher=[[Telegraph Media Group]] |date=July 31, 2008 |accessdate=March 26, 2017}}</ref> Video je otpremljen 23. aprila 2005. i može još uvijek da se pogleda na sajtu.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jNQXAC9IVRw |title=Me at the zoo |publisher=YouTube |date=April 23, 2005 |accessdate=August 3, 2009}}</ref> YouTube je ponudio javno beta testiranje sajta u maju 2005. godine. Prvi video koji je dosegao jedan milion pregleda bila je [[Nike, Inc.|Nikeova]] reklama sa [[Ronaldinho]]m u novembru 2005.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch.php?v=aRHk8ol0vTw|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051125105508/https://www.youtube.com/watch.php?v=aRHk8ol0vTw|
U vrijeme zvaničnog pokretanja, YouTube nije imao toliko prepoznavanje na tržištu. U sedmici pokretanja YouTube-a, u programu ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' NBC Universala puštena je parodija ''[[Lazy Sunday (pjesma The Lonely Islanda)|Lazy Sunday]]'' [[The Lonely Island]]a. Nezvanična otpremanja parodije na YouTube privukla su više od pet miliona kolektivnih pregleda prije nego što su uklonjeni na zahtjev NBC Universala oko dva mjeseca kasnije; njihova kratka dostupnost na sajtu nije samo pomogla da se pročuje za ime YouTube, nego je i omogućila korisnicima da vide kako sajt nije samo za ljubitelje videa i ljude koji prave vlastiti videosadržaj, nego i sredstvo za dijeljenje drugih vrsta videa, kao što su televizijski klipovi i muzička videa.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://variety.com/2015/tv/news/lazy-sunday-10th-anniversary-snl-1201657949/ | title = ‘Lazy Sunday’ Turns 10: ‘SNL’ Stars Recall How TV Invaded the Internet | first1 = Andrew | last1 = Wallenstein | first2= Todd | last2= Spangler | date = December 18, 2015 | accessdate = April 27, 2019 | work = [[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/hollywood-flashback-snls-lazy-sunday-put-youtube-map-2005-1044829 | title = Hollywood Flashback: 'SNL's' 'Lazy Sunday' Put YouTube on the Map in 2005 | first= Bill | last =Higgens | date = October 5, 2017 | accessdate = April 27, 2019 |work =[[The Hollywood Reporter]] }}</ref> Sajt je ostvario rapidni rast i u julu 2006. kompanija je objavila da se više od 65.000 novih videa otprema svakog dana, te da sajt ima 100 miliona pregleda videa dnevno.<ref>{{cite web |title=YouTube serves up 100 million videos a day online |url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/tech/news/2006-07-16-youtube-views_x.htm |website=[[USA Today]] |publisher=[[Gannett Company]] |date=July 16, 2006 |accessdate=March 26, 2017}}</ref> Prema podacima koje je objavila istraživačka kompanija [[comScore]], YouTube je dominantan provajder onlajn videa u SAD-u, sa tržišnim udjelom od oko 43% i više od 14 milijardi pregleda videa u maju 2010.<ref>{{cite web |title=comScore Releases May 2010 U.S. Online Video Rankings |publisher=[[comScore]] |url=http://www.comscore.com/Press_Events/Press_Releases/2010/6/comScore_Releases_May_2010_U.S._Online_Video_Rankings |accessdate=June 27, 2010}}</ref>
Red 98:
====Kvalitet i formati====
YouTube je originalno nudio videa samo na jednom nivou kvaliteta, prikazana u rezoluciji 320×240 [[piksel]]a uz upotrebu [[Sorenson codec|Sorenson Spark]] kodeka (varijanta [[H.263]]),<ref name="incomplete-h263">{{cite web |url=http://www.kaourantin.net/2005/08/quest-for-new-video-codec-in-flash-8.html |title=The quest for a new video codec in Flash 8 |author=Tinic Uro |quote=We went this route before with Sorenson Spark which is an incomplete implementation of H.263 and it bit us badly when trying to implement certain solutions. |date=August 13, 2005 |accessdate=January 27, 2011 |
U junu 2014, YouTube je počeo da pruža podršku za [[HFR]] videa do 60 [[fps]] (naspram 30 koliko je bilo do tada), što je postalo dostupno otpremaocima u oktobru. YouTube je izjavio da će ovo poboljšati videa „intenzivnih pokreta”, kao što su snimci igranja videoigrica.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.extremetech.com/gaming/185454-will-60fps-youtube-videos-force-game-developers-to-prioritize-frame-rate|title=Will 60fps YouTube videos force game developers to prioritize frame rate?|website=ExtremeTech|access-date=2019-11-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2014/10/29/7121143/youtube-adds-support-for-60fps-video-playback|title=YouTube now supports 60fps playback, and video games look amazing|last=Welch|first=Chris|date=2014-10-29|website=The Verge|language=en|access-date=2019-11-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/jun/27/battlefield-hardline-youtube-trailers-games |title=Battlefield Hardline ushers in era of smooth YouTube trailers |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=June 27, 2014 |accessdate=June 29, 2014 |first=Keith |last=Stuart}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Greg |last=Kumparak |title=YouTube Can Now Play Videos at a Buttery 60 Frames Per Second |url=https://techcrunch.com/2014/10/29/60-fps-youtube/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=October 29, 2014 |accessdate=March 26, 2017}}</ref>
Red 139:
====Platforme====
Većina modernih [[pametni telefon|pametnih mobitela]] ima mogućnost pristupanja videima na YouTube-u, bilo preko aplikacije ili optimiziranog web-sajta. YouTube Mobile pokrenut je u junu 2007, a koristi [[Real Time Streaming Protocol|RTSP]] striming za video.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/|title=YouTube|website=www.youtube.com}}</ref> Nisu svi videouraci na YouTube-u dostupni na mobilnoj verziji sajta.<ref>{{cite web |first=Alex |last=Chitu |title=Mobile YouTube |url=http://googlesystem.blogspot.no/2007/06/mobile-youtube.html |website=Unofficial Google Blog |date=June 15, 2007 |accessdate=March 25, 2017}}</ref> Od juna 2007, videouraci na YouTube-u bili su dostupni za gledanje na nizu [[Apple Inc.|Appleovih]] proizvoda. Ovo je zahtijevalo da se sadržaj sa YouTube-a transkodira u Appleov preferirani videostandard, [[H.264/MPEG-4 AVC|H.264]], što je proces koji je trajao nekoliko mjeseci. Videa na YouTube-u mogu da se gledaju na uređajima kao što su [[Apple TV]], [[iPod Touch]] i [[iPhone]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2007/06/20youtube.html |title=YouTube Live on Apple TV Today; Coming to iPhone on June 29 |publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]] |date=June 20, 2007 |accessdate=January 17, 2009 |
Ažuriranje [[TiVo]] servisa u julu 2008. omogućilo je sistemu da pretražuje i reproducira YouTube videa.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://gizmodo.com/5026092/tivo-getting-youtube-streaming-today |title=TiVo Getting YouTube Streaming Today |website=[[Gizmodo]] |date=July 17, 2007 |accessdate=February 17, 2009}}</ref> U januaru 2009, YouTube je pokrenuo „YouTube za TV”, verziju web-sajta namijenjenu set-top boksovima i drugim medijskim uređajima zasnovanim na TV-u, sa web-pretraživačima, prvobitno omogućavajući da se videa gledaju na konzolama videoigrica [[PlayStation 3]] i [[Wii]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/technology/2009/01/youtube-wii-ps3.html |title=YouTube video comes to Wii and PlayStation 3 game consoles |work=Los Angeles Times |date=January 15, 2009 |accessdate=January 17, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Coming Up Next ... YouTube on Your TV |url=https://www.youtube.com/blog?entry=sDFlZe7FwJI |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090622121857/https://www.youtube.com/blog?entry=sDFlZe7FwJI |archivedate=June 22, 2009 |publisher=YouTube Blog |date=January 15, 2009 |accessdate=May 10, 2009 |
===Lokalizacija===
Red 197:
| {{Flagcountry|MEX}}
| španski
| 11. oktobar 2007.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/articulos/43235.html |title=Presentan hoy YouTube México |newspaper=[[El Universal (Mexico City)|El Universal]] |date=October 11, 2007 |accessdate=September 9, 2010 |language=Spanish |trans-title=YouTube México launched today |
|-
| {{Flagcountry|Hong Kong}}
Red 205:
| {{Flagcountry|Tajvan}}
| kineski
| 18. oktobar 2007.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.zdnet.com.tw/news/software/0,2000085678,20125299,00.htm |title=YouTube台灣網站上線 手機版再等等 |work=[[ZDNet]] |date=October 18, 2007 |accessdate=January 2, 2012 |
|-
| {{Flagcountry|Australija}}
Red 253:
| {{Flagcountry|Argentina}}
| španski
| 8. septembar 2010.<ref name="countries">{{cite web |url=http://www.typeboard.com/2010/09/youtube-launches-in-argentina/ |title=YouTube launches in Argentina |date=September 9, 2010 |accessdate=September 9, 2010 |
|-
| {{Flagcountry|ALŽ}}
| arapski, francuski
| 9. mart 2011.<ref name="arabcrunch1">{{cite web |url=http://arabcrunch.com/2011/03/youtube-launches-local-version-for-algeria-egypt-jordan-morocco-saudi-arabia-tunisia-and-yemen.html |title=YouTube Launches Local Version For Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia and Yemen |publisher=ArabCrunch |accessdate=March 13, 2011 |
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| {{Flagcountry|EGI}}
Red 358:
| {{Flagcountry|DAN}}
| danski
| 1. februar 2013.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.iprospect.dk/youtube-lanceres-i-danmark |publisher=iProspect |title=YouTube lanceres i Danmark |accessdate=April 17, 2013 |location=Denmark |
|-
| {{Flagcountry|FIN}}
Red 366:
| {{Flagcountry|NOR}}
| norveški
| 1. februar 2013.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.tono.no/YouTube+lansert+i+Norge.12888.cms |publisher=[[TONO]] |title=YouTube Launched in Norway |accessdate=April 17, 2013 |location=Norway |
|-
| {{Flagcountry|ŠVI}}
Red 382:
| {{Flagcountry|Portugal}}
| portugalski
| 25. april 2013.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.lusonoticias.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=27764:google-lanca-versao-lusa-do-youtube&catid=343&Itemid=159 |publisher=Luso Noticias |title=Google lança versão lusa do YouTube |accessdate=May 14, 2013 |location=Portugal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203003223/http://www.lusonoticias.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=27764:google-lanca-versao-lusa-do-youtube&catid=343&Itemid=159 |archive-date=December 3, 2013 |
|-
| {{Flagcountry|SLK}}
Red 390:
| {{Flagcountry|BHR}}
| arapski
| 16. avgust 2013.<ref name="gcc">{{cite web |url=http://www.tbreak.ae/news/youtube-expands-monetization-partnership-gcc |title=YouTube expands monetization and partnership in GCC |publisher=tbreak Media |date=September 16, 2013 |accessdate=February 14, 2014 |author=[http://www.tbreak.ae/author/theregos Nick Rego] |
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| {{Flagcountry|KUV}}
Red 410:
| {{Flagcountry|BUG}}
| bugarski
| 17. mart 2014.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://newtrend.bg/digital-company/youtube/youtube-reklama-bulgaria |title=YouTube рекламата става достъпна и за България |publisher=New Trend |date=March 18, 2014 |accessdate=April 5, 2014 |author=[http://newtrend.bg/author/ivelina Ивелина Атанасова] |language=Bulgarian |
|-
| {{Flagcountry|HRV}}
Red 418:
| {{Flagcountry|EST}}
| estonski
| 17. mart 2014.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.meedium.ee/blog/youtube-reklaamid-eestis |title=Youtube reklaamid – uued võimalused nüüd ka Eestis! |publisher=Meedium |date=March 19, 2014 |accessdate=April 5, 2014 |author=Siiri Oden |language=Estonian |
|-
| {{Flagcountry|LAT}}
| latvijski
| 17. mart 2014.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://marketing.lv/tagad-reklamas-iespejas-youtube-kanala-iespejams-izmantot-ari-latvija/ |title=Tagad reklāmas iespējas Youtube kanālā iespējams izmantot arī Latvijā |publisher=Marketing |date=March 18, 2014 |accessdate=April 5, 2014 |author=[http://marketing.lv/author/marta/ Marta] |language=Latvian |
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| {{Flagcountry|LIT}}
Red 611:
=== Partnerstva kreatora ===
Godine 2016, YouTube je uveo globalni program za unapređivanje kreatora čiji videouraci ostvaruju pozitivan socijalni uticaj. Google je izdvojio 1 milion dolara za program „Creators for Change”.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/youtube-creators-for-change-1-million-positive-social-impact/|title=YouTube commits $1 million to Creators for Change|last1=Mihalcik|first1=Carrie|date=September 22, 2016|work=CNET|language=en|accessdate=December 30, 2018}}</ref> Prva tri videa iz programa imala su premijeru na [[Tribeca TV Festival]]u 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.engadget.com/2017/09/23/youtube-creators-for-change-tribeca/|title=YouTubes 'Creators for Change premiere at Tribeca's TV Festival|last1=Hardawar|first1=Devindra|date=September 23, 2017|work=[[Engadget]]|language=en|accessdate=December 30, 2018}}</ref> YouTube je proširio program 2018. godine.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.polygon.com/2018/5/8/17330950/creators-for-change-youtube-5-million-asapscience|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209165255/https://www.polygon.com/2018/5/8/17330950/creators-for-change-youtube-5-million-asapscience|
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