Kofein – razlika između verzija
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{{chembox-lat
| Watchedfields =
| verifiedrevid = 322028927
| Name = Kofein
| ImageFileL1 = Caffeine.svg
| ImageSizeL1 = 120px
| ImageFileR1= Caffeine_3d_structure.png
| ImageSizeR2 = 120px
| ImageName = Hybrid skeletal structure of the caffeine molecule
| ImageFile2 = Caffeine (1) 3D spacefill.png
| IUPACName = 1,3,7-trimethl- 1-{''H''}--purin- 2,6(3-{''H'',7''H''}-)-dion
| OtherNames = 1,3,7-trimetilksantin, trimetilksantin, metilteobromin, 7-metilteopilin, tein, matein, kvaranin
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers-lat
| Abbreviations =
| InChI = 1/C8H10N4O2/c1-10-4-9-6-5(10)7(13)12(3)8(14)11(6)2/h4H,1-3H3
| PubChem = 2519
| IUPHAR_ligand = 407
| InChIKey = RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYAW
| CASNo = 58-08-2
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite}}
| EC-number = 200-362-1
| ChemSpiderID = 2424
| SMILES = O=C2N(c1ncn(c1C(=O)N2C)C)C
| RTECS = EV6475000
| DrugBank = DB00201
| MeSHName =Caffeine
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties-lat
| Formula = C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>10</sub>N<sub>4</sub>O<sub>2</sub>
| MolarMass = 194.19 g/mol
| Appearance = bez mirisa, beli kristali ili prah
| Density = 1.23 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, u čvrstom stanju
| Solubility = 2,17 g/100 ml (25 °-{C}-)<br />18,0 g/100 ml (80 °-{C}-)<br />67,0 g/100 ml (100 °-{C}-)
| MeltingPt = {{nowrap|227–228 °-{C}-}} (anhidrozni); {{nowrap|234–235 °-{C}-}} (monohidrat)
| BoilingPt = 178 °-{C}- ''[[sublimacija (hemija)|subl.]]''
| pKa = −0.13–1.22<ref>This is the pKa for protonated caffeine, given as a range of values included in {{Cite book |title=Profiles of Drug Substances, Excipients and Related Methodology, volume 33: Critical Compilation of Pka Values for Pharmaceutical Substances |author=Harry G. Brittain, Richard J. Prankerd |publisher=Academic Press |year=2007 |id=ISBN 012260833X|url=http://books.google.co.jp/books?id=D3vBu5Tx4XwC&pg=PT15&lpg=PT15}}</ref>
| Dipole = 3.64 [[Debye|D]] (izračunata vrednost)
}}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards-lat
| ExternalMSDS = [http://www.ilo.org/legacy/english/protection/safework/cis/products/icsc/dtasht/_icsc04/icsc0405.htm ICSC 0405]
| EUIndex = 613-086-00-5
| EUClass = Štetan ('''Xn''')
| RPhrases = {{R22}}
| SPhrases = {{S2}}
| NFPA-H = 2
| NFPA-F = 0
| NFPA-R = 0
| LD50 = 192 mg/kg (pacov, oralno)<ref name="ld50">{{cite journal|title = Factors Affecting Caffeine Toxicity: A Review of the Literature|last=Peters| first=Josef M.|journal = The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and the Journal of New Drugs|year= 1967|issue=7|url=http://jcp.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/7/3/131|pages=131-141}}</ref>
}}
}}
'''Kofein''' (odnosno '''trimetilksantin''' (C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>10</sub>N<sub>4</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), '''tein''', '''matein''', '''guaranin''' i '''metiloteobromin''') je prirodni [[alkaloid]], koji se dobija iz zrna [[kafa|kafe]], iz listova [[čaj]]a i iz [[kakao]]vih zrna. Dodaje se veštačkim pićima (npr.[[Koka-kola]])
Linija 15 ⟶ 64:
Kofein (C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>10</sub>N<sub>4</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) (trimetilksantin = tein = guaranin) je [[alkaloid]].
Izolovan u čistom obliku, kofein je bele boje, [[kristal]]an [[prah]] bez mirisa. Sastavljen je iz belih, podložnih kristala jako gorkog ukusa. Takav se rastvara u [[voda|vodi]]. Osnovni proces dobijanja čistog kofeina je [[dekofenizacija]] kafe i čaja.
Količina kofeina u nekim napitcima (mg):
Linija 29 ⟶ 76:
* Red Bul 130
== Reference ==
{{Kafa}}▼
{{reflist}}
== Literatura ==
* {{Cite book |ref= harv|title=Profiles of Drug Substances, Excipients and Related Methodology, volume 33: Critical Compilation of Pka Values for Pharmaceutical Substances |author=Harry G. Brittain, Richard J. Prankerd |publisher=Academic Press |year=2007 |id=ISBN 012260833X|url=http://books.google.co.jp/books?id=D3vBu5Tx4XwC&pg=PT15&lpg=PT15}}
== Vanjske veze ==
{{Portal|Hemija}}
{{Commonscat|Caffeine}}
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▲{{Kafa}}
{{Adenozinergici}}
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