Nezavisna Albanija – razlika između verzija

 

Delegacija Albanije je podnela memorandum učesnicima [[Londonska konferencija 1912-1913|Londonske konferencije]] zahtevajući međunarodno priznanje nezavisne Albanije. Na početku konferencije je doneta odluka da će područje Albanije biti pod suverenitetom Osmanskog Carstva. Zahtevi Albanije za međunarodnim priznanjem koji su bazirani na pravu etničkih Albanaca na samoopredeljenje nisu uvaženi i [[Londonski mir (1913)|Londonski ugovor o miru]] potpisan 30. maja 1913 je podelio teritoriju nezavisne Albanije između [[Kraljevina Srbija|Srbije]], [[Kraljevina Grčka|Grčke]] i [[Kraljevina Crna Gora|Crne Gore]], smanjujući na takav način teritoriju Albanije na centralnu Albaniju pretvorenu u protektorat velikih sila. Ambasadori velikih sila su se ponovo sastali 29. jula 1913 i odlučili da formiraju novu državu, Kneževinu Albaniju kao ustavnu monarhiju. Konačno, Bukureškim ugovorom potpisanim u avgustu 1913 nova nezavisna država je stvorena, [[Kneževina Albanija]], čime je oko 30% etničkih Albanaca ostavljeno van granica nove države<ref>{{Citation |last=Elsie |first=Robert |author= Robert Elsie |authorlink= Robert Elsie |title= Historical dictionary of Albania |url=http://www.worldcat.org/title/historical-dictionary-of-albania/oclc/454375231&referer=brief_results |year=2010 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |location=Lanham |isbn=9780810873803 |oclc=454375231 |page=lix |chapter= Independent Albania (1912—1944) |chapterurl=http://books.google.rs/books?id=haFlGXIg8uoC&pg=PR59&dq=%22%22Independent+Albania+(1912%22%22robert+elsie&hl=en&sa=X&ei=L6AtT7TZLsT04QS4gcX_DQ&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22Independent%20Albania%20(1912%22&f=false |quote= ... about 30 percent of the Albanian population were excluded from the new state }}</ref> jer su živeli na teritoriji Albanije koju su međusobno podelile susedne države.

 

== Naziv ==

Naziv države koji je preciziran u tekstu Albanske deklaracije o nezavisnosti je Albanija ({{jez-alb|Shqipëria}}).<ref>{{Citation |last=Islami |first=Selim |author= Selim Islami |coauthors=Kristo Frashëri, Aleks Buda |title=Historia e popullit shqiptar |url=http://books.google.rs/books?ei=k5U1T73LHMnJsgbq4sChDA&id=TjgNAQAAIAAJ&dq=Shqip%C3%ABria+e+lir%C3%AB+e+mosvarme&q=%22Shqip%C3%ABria+me+sot%22#search_anchor |year=1968 |month= |publisher=Enti i botimeve shkollare i Republikës Socialiste të Serbisë |location=Prishtinë |language= Albanian |oclc=1906502 |page= 352 |quote= Propozimet e kryetarit u aprovuan njëzëri e me entusiazëm nga delegatët, te cilët nënshkruan dokumentin historik ku thuhej: „ . . . Shqipëria me sot te bahet ne vehte, e lire ee mosvarme."}}</ref> Često se naziva ''"nezavisna Albanija"'' ({{jez-alb|Shqipëria e Mosvarme}})<ref>{{cite web|last=Pirraku|first=Muhamet|title=Cili Është Mesazhi I Emërtimeve “SHQIPËRIA SHTETËRORE” |url=http://www.albaniapress.com/indeksi?p=lexo_lajmin&id=8652|publisher=AlbaniaPress.com : Agjensia Informative Shqiptare |author=Muhamet Pirraku|date = 19. 4. 2009.|year=2009|quote=Shteti i projektuar nga Konferenca e Ambasadorëve në Londër, më 1913, si: “Principata e Shqipërisë” me shtrirjen vetëm në një pjesë të Bregdetit shqiptar, ... të më pak se një e treta e tokave të shtetit “Shqipëria e Mosvarme” e shpallur në Vlorë, më 28 nëntor 1912 (State designed by the Conference of Ambassadors in London in 1913, as: "The Principality of Albania" ... is less than a third of the terriory of "Independent Albania" declared in Vlora, on November 28, 1912)}}</ref>, "''Albanska država"'' <ref>{{Citation |last=Puto |first=Arben |author=Arben Puto| coauthors=[[Academy of Sciences of Albania]] |title=National forces against imperialist dictate in the organization of the Albanian State, 1912-1914 |url=http://www.worldcat.org/title/national-forces-against-imperialist-dictate-in-the-organization-of-the-albanian-state-1912-1914-report/oclc/11497570&referer=brief_results |year= 1983 |publisher= "8 Nëntori" Pub. House |location= Tirana |oclc=11497570}}</ref> ({{jez-alb|Shteti Shqiptar}}) ili ''"nezavisna država Albanija"''<ref>{{Citation |last=Jansen |first=Suzanne |author=Suzanne Jansen |title=The Kosovo Status Negotiations in 2006 |url=http://www.ams.pvda.nl/binaries/content/assets/ams/Scriptie+Suzanne+Jansen.pdf/Scriptie+Suzanne+Jansen.pdf |year=2006 |month= August |publisher=[[University of Amsterdam|Universiteit van Amsterdam]] |location= Amsterdam |page=50 |quote=The Proclamation of the Independent State of Albania, 1912 }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Zolo |first=Danilo |author=Danilo Zolo |title=Invoking humanity : war, law, and global order |url= http://books.google.rs/books?id=t7KNgpZRnM8C&pg=PA179&dq=%22independent+state+of+albania%22+1912&hl=en&sa=X&ei=DYQ5T-3KHOKQ4gS7zaChCw&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22independent%20state%20of%20albania%22%201912&f=false |year= 2002 |publisher=Continuum |location=London |isbn=9780826456564 |oclc= 47844508 |page=179 |quote= In November 1912 the independent state of Albania was proclaimed at Vlore }}</ref> ({{jez-alb|Shteti i pavarur shqiptar}})<ref>{{Citation |last=Omari |first=Luan |author=Luan Omari |title=Historia e shtetit dhe e së drejtës në Shqipëri [History of state and law in Albania] |url=http://www.worldcat.org/title/historia-e-shtetit-dhe-e-se-drejtes-ne-shqiperi-2/oclc/164822827&referer=brief_results |volume=2 |year=1994 |month= |publisher= Shtëpia Botuese Luarasi |location=Tiranë |language= Albanian |oclc=164822827 |chapter=Shteti i pavarur shqiptar në vitet 1912-1914 [Independent state of Albania in the years 1912-1914]|quote=Shteti i pavarur shqiptar në vitet 1912-1914 [Independent state of Albania in the years 1912-1914]}}</ref>.

 

== Politički sistem ==

Nezavisna Albanija osnovana 28. novembra 1912 je prva Albanska država u modernoj istoriji.<ref>{{cite book|last=Sokalski|first=Henryk J|title=An ounce of prevention: Macedonia and the UN experience in preventive diplomacy|year=2003|publisher=United States Institute of Peace Press|location=Washington, D.C.|url=http://books.google.rs/books?id=YYqiGyoakN8C&pg=PA60&dq=%22the+first+albanian+state%22+1912&hl=en&sa=X&ei=LjA0T8bHL-uL4gSXmNz0AQ&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22the%20first%20albanian%20state%22%201912&f=false|author=Henryk J Sokalski|page=60|quote=The first Albanian state in modern history emerged in 1912.}}</ref> Bila je parlamentarna država a ne monarhija.<ref>{{Citation |last=Barjaba |first=Kosta |author= Kosta Barjaba |title= Albania's democratic elections, 1991-1997 : analyses, documents and data |url=http://books.google.rs/books?ei=LjA0T8bHL-uL4gSXmNz0AQ&id=9sEVAQAAIAAJ&dq=%22the+first+albanian+state%22+1912&q=%22Thus%2C+the+first+Albanian+state+can+be+seen+as+a+parliamentary+state+and+not+as+a+monarchy.%22#search_anchor |year= 2004 |publisher=Edition Sigma |location= Berlin |isbn=9783894042370 |oclc= 57567449 |page= 188 |quote=... the first independent Albanian state was conceived as a parliamentary state.... the High Council ... was elected by the Assembly...Thus, the first Albanian state can be seen as a parliamentary state and not as a monarchy.}}</ref> Pojedini izvori je tretiraju kao ''Republiku Albaniju'' <ref>{{Citation |last=Gingeras |first=Ryan |author=Ryan Gingeras |title=Sorrowful shores : violence, ethnicity, and the end of the Ottoman Empire, 1912-1923 |url=http://books.google.rs/books?id=KtSfqpmYfXQC&pg=PP48&dq=%22republic+of+albania%22+1912&hl=en&sa=X&ei=C8U2T86lEPPE4gTD5pWbDA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22republic%20of%20albania%22%201912&f=false |year= 2009 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford |language= |isbn=9780199561520 |oclc= 251212020 |quote= the declaration of Republic of Albania in 1912 }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Greville Pounds |first=Norman John |author=Norman John Greville Pounds |title=Eastern Europe |url=http://books.google.rs/books?id=BIq2AAAAIAAJ&q=%22republic+of+albania%22++independent+1912&dq=%22republic+of+albania%22++independent+1912&hl=en&sa=X&ei=YOs2T6mWB4z3sgav0dWiDA&redir_esc=y |year=1969 |publisher=Aldine Pub. Co |location=Chicago |oclc=5671 |page=819 |quote= ... policy of seeking autonomy within it was no longer practical. The Albanian leaders therefore turned to one off seeking complete independence and in November 1912 proclaimed the Republic of Albania}}</ref> ili ''Albansku Republiku''.<ref>{{Citation |last= R King |first=Robert |author=Robert R King |authorlink=Robert R. King |title=Minorities under communism; nationalities as a source of tension among Balkan Communist states |url=http://books.google.rs/books?ei=fcw2T8TRL_Ta4QSH5dWbDA&id=2i1pAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22albanian+republic%22+1912&q=%22+the+Albanian+Republic+was+proclaimed+in+1912%29%22+#search_anchor |year=1973 |publisher= Harvard University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn=9780674576322 |oclc=736902 |page=140 |quote=... the Albanian Republic was proclaimed in 1912)...}}</ref>

 

 

== Teritorija ==

Teritorija Nezavisne Albanije je bila mnogo veća od teritorije koju obuhvata savremena Republika Albanija jer se sastojala od teritorija koje su obuhvatale sledeća četiri Osmanska vilajeta: [[Kosovski vilajet|Kosovski]], Bitoljski, Skadarski i Janjinski Vilajet.<ref>{{Citation |last=W. Willoughby |first= Westel |author=Westel W. Willoughby |authorlink=Westel W. Willoughby |coauthors= Charles Ghequiere Fenwick |title=Types of restricted sovereignty and of colonial autonomy |url=http://books.google.rs/books?ei=Sk8tT4vQHsyK4gSlkYy0Dg&id=ttUsAAAAMAAJ&dq=Albania+1912+inauthor%3A%22Westel+Woodbury+Willoughby%22&q=%22+is+composed+of+the+former+Turkish%22#search_anchor|year=1919 |publisher= United States of America, National government publication |location=Washington |oclc=6518463 |page=15 |chapter= Albania (1912—1914) |quote= Albania is composed of former Turkish Provinces of Scutari and Yanina, with parts of Kossovo and Monastir }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Eberhardt |first= Piotr |author= Piotr Eberhardt |title= Ethnic groups and population changes in twentieth-century Central-Eastern Europe : history, data, and analysis |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=jLfX1q3kJzgC&pg=PA356&dq=%22independence+of+Albania%22&hl=en&ei=7dGBTsfdJ-HS4QT8toVZ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEUQ6AEwBjgU#v=onepage&q=%22independence%20of%20Albania%22&f=false |year= 2003 |publisher= M.E. Sharpe |location=Armonk, N.Y. |language= |isbn=9780765606655 |oclc= 48383528 |page= 356|quote= The Albanian state at this time was larger than its counterpart today and comprised territories belonging to the former Turkish provinces (vilayets) of Shkoder,... Skopje,...Bitola,... and Janina...}}</ref> Londonskim mirovnim ugovorom potpisanim 30. maja 1913 je teritorija Albanske države smanjena na njen centralni deo pošto je značajan deo teritorije na koji je Albanija polagala pravo podeljen između [[Balkanski savez|Balkanskih saveznika]] (veliki deo severne i zapadne Albanije je dat Srbiji i Crnoj Gori, dok je južni region [[Čamerija|Čamerije]] postao deo Grčke.<ref>{{harvnb|Vickers|1999|p=70}}{{quote|... the Conference nevertheless awarded the Balkan allies large areas of Albanian-claimed territory... A major part of northern and western Albania went to Serbia and Montenegro, while Greece received the large southern region of Chameria, leaving the Albanian state reduced to the central regions ...}}</ref> [[Kosovo]] je takođe bilo proglašeno delom nezavisne Albanije u 1912 godini ali je Londonskim ugovorom predato Srbiji na insistiranje [[Rusko Carstvo|Rusije]].<ref>{{Citation |last=Rakowska-Harmstone |first=Teresa |author=Teresa Rakowska-Harmstone |authorlink= |coauthors=Piotr Dutkiewicz, Agnieszka Orzelska |title=New Europe : the impact of the first decade |url=http://books.google.rs/books?ei=PUExT8-3DKn24QSo8-CIBQ&id=cZUdAQAAMAAJ&dq=albania+1912+28+november+included+kosovo&q=%22Kosovo+was+included+in+the+independent+Albania+in+1912%2C+but+was+given+to+the+Serbs+under+the+1913+Treaty+of+London+at+Russia%27s+insistence.+The+subsequent+history+of+the+relations+between+Albanian+Kosovars+and+the+Serbs+has%22#search_anchor |volume=2 |year=2006 |publisher= Institute of Political Studies; Polish Academy of Sciences |location=Warsaw |isbn=9788388490873 |oclc=749805563 |page=37 |quote= Kosovo was included in the independent Albania in 1912, but was given to the Serbs under the 1913 Treaty of London at Russia's insistence. }}</ref>

 

=== Posle proglašenja nezavisnosti ===

[[Datoteka:Albanian caricature 1913.gif|thumb|Karikatura objavljena u februaru 1913 koja prikazuje Albaniju kako se brani od susednih država. Crna Gora je predstavljena kao majmun, Grčka kao leopard koji napada Janjinu a Srbija kao zmija. Tekst na Albanskom glasi:"Bežite od mene! Krvožedne zveri!"]]

Vojska Kraljevine Srbije je 29 novembra 1912 osvojila Drač bez borbe i uspostavila [[Drački Okrug (Kraljevina Srbija)|Drački okrug]] sa četiri sreza: Drač, Lješ, Elbasan i Tirana.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bogdanović|first=Dimitrije|title=Knjiga o Kosovu: razgovori o Kosovu|year=1990|publisher=Književne novine|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=FbpBAAAAYAAJ&q=%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7+%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD&dq=%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7+%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD&hl=en&ei=rww4TsSYNNCp8QOD2-n1Ag&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA|coauthors=Radovan Samardžić|page=208|quote=На освојеном подручју су одмах успостављене грађанске власти и албанска територија је Де Факто анектирана Србији : 29. новембра је основан драчки округ са четири среза (Драч, Љеш, Елбасан, Тирана)....On conquered territory of Albania was established civil government and territory of Albania was de facto annexed by Serbia: On November 29 was established Durres County with four srez (Durres, Lezha, Elbasan, and Tirana)}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last= Petrović |first= Dragoljub S. |author= Dragoljub S. Petrović |authorlink= |coauthors= |firstn=,lastn=,authorn= |author-separator= |editor= |editorn= |editorn-last= |editorn-first= |editor-link= |editorn-link= |others= |title= Heterogenost stanovništva determinanta složenosti rešenja političkog statusa albanskog prostora (Heterogeneity of the population as determinant of the complexity of solving the political status of the Albania) |url=http://www.rastko.rs/rastko-al/zbornik1990/dpetrovic-heterogenost_l.php |year= 1990 |language= Serbian |isbn= |oclc=439985244 |pages= 237–271 |quote= Potom, 29. novembra 1912. formiran je Drački okrug u okviru kojeg su srezovi - Drač, Tirana, Elbasan i Lješ. ... On November 29, 1912 the Durres County was established and in it there were established the follwing districts - Durres, Tirana, Elbasan and Lezhe }}</ref> Nove srpske vlasti su bile suočene sa velikim poteškoćama u upravljanju novim okrugom jer su sve udaljene postaje srpske vojske sa malim brojem vojnika bile uništene u roku od nekoliko dana.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Antić|first=Čedomir|title=Kratko slavlje u Draču|journal=[[Večernje novosti]]|date = 2010-01-02 |url=http://www.novosti.rs/dodatni_sadrzaj/clanci.119.html:280057-Kratko-slavlje-u-Dracu|accessdate=|author=Čedomir Antić|trans_title=Short celebration in Durres|language=Serbian|quote=Srpska vlast u Albaniji počela je vremenom da se suočava s velikim teškoćama. Mir stanovništva morao je da bude izdašno plaćan. Delovanje austrougarskih agenata i begova odanih sultanu činilo je ionako loše puteve nesigurnim. Tokom nekoliko dana uništene su usamljene stanice, koje su branili malobrojni srpski vojnici..}}</ref>

 

=== Londonski mir ===

{{See|Londonska konferencija 1912-1913|Londonski mir (1913)}}

Velike Sile nisu uvažile zahteve da prizanju nezavisnost Albanije.<ref>{{Citation |last=Herbert |first=Aubrey |author=Aubrey Herbert |authorlink= Aubrey Herbert |title=Albania's Greatest Friend: Aubrey Herbert and the Making of Modern Albania |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=M_0-QfRL8eMC&pg=PA64&dq=all+albanian+national+congress+1912+vlore&hl=en&ei=0fR4TZbHIJHSsgavu_TuBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAjgU#v=onepage&q&f=false |year=2011 |publisher= I.B. Tauris & Co. |location=London ; New York |isbn=9781848854444 |oclc= 749900667 |page= 64 |quote= The provisional Government applied urgently for international recognition. There was no official response from Great Powers.}}</ref> Na početku Londonske konferencije u Decembru 1912 ambasadori svih šest Velikih Sila su odbili planove da se formira nezavisna Albanija.<ref>{{harvnb|Giaro|2007|p=185}}{{quote|The plan for independent Albanian state was rejected by the ambassadors of England, Germany, Austria-Hungary, France, Russia and Italy at their conference on 17 December 1912 in London.}}</ref> Naprotiv, odlučile su da Albanija ostane pod suverenitetom Osmanskog Carstva i da njena vlada ima određenu autonomiju.<ref>{{Citation |last=Petrović |first=Dragoljub S. |author=Dragoljub S. Petrović |title=Heterogenost stanovništva determinanta složenosti rešenja političkog statusa albanskog prostora (Heterogamy of the population determining the complexity of solution of the political status of the territory of Albania) |url=http://www.rastko.rs/rastko-al/zbornik1990/dpetrovic-heterogenost_l.php |archiveurl=http://www.rastko.rs/rastko-al/zbornik1990/dpetrovic-heterogenost_l.php |archivedate=August, 6 2011 |quote=Na početku Londonske konferencije odlučeno je da je Albanija autonomna sa svojom upravom i priznavanjem sultana Turske kao vrhovnog sizerena.... At the beginning of the conference it was decided that Albania should be autonomous with its own government but under Ottoman suzerainty.}}</ref> Pošto je postalo očigledno da će Osmansko Carstvo izgubiti čitavu teritoriju Makedonije i time kopnenu vezu sa Albanijom, Velike Sile su shvatile da treba da promee svoju odluku.<ref>{{harvnb|Jelavich|1999|p=101}}{{quote|The representatives first decided that an autonomous Albania under continued Ottoman rule would be organized...This decision had to be changed in the spring of 1913, when it became obvious that the Ottoman Empire would lose all of Macedonia and thus its territorial connection with Albania.}}</ref>

 

 

=== Posle Londonskog mira ===

U septembru 1913 nezavisna Albanija je tajno pomagala i podržavala [[Ohridsko-Debarski ustanak]] jer je Ismail Ćemali smatrao da je nezavisna Albanija previše slaba da bi se otvoreno sukobila sa Kraljevinom Srbijom.<ref>{{cite book | last =Ćorović | first =Vladimir | authorlink=Vladimir Ćorović | title= Istorija srpskog naroda | url= http://www.rastko.org.rs/rastko-bl/istorija/corovic/istorija/index_l.html | year= 1997 | publisher= [[Project Rastko]] | location= Banja Luka / Belgrade | language= Serbian | chapter = Балкански ратови | chapterurl= http://www.rastko.org.rs/rastko-bl/istorija/corovic/istorija/7_20.html }}</ref> Čemali je naredio istovremeni napad Albanskih snaga predvođenih Isom Boljetincem i [[Bajram Curi|Bajramom Curijem]] na region [[Prizren]]a.<ref>{{Citation |last=Aleksić-Pejković |first=Ljiljana |author=Ljiljana Aleksić-Pejković |title=Naučni skup Srbija 1915. godine |url=http://books.google.rs/books?id=89VmAAAAMAAJ&q=%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0+1913&dq=%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0+1913&hl=en&sa=X&ei=9fA3T-aQEsTItAaD9-SeDA&redir_esc=y |year=1986 |publisher= Istorijski institut |location= Belgrade |language= Serbo-Croatian|oclc=18024095 |page=302 |quote=Највећи оружани упад изведен је крајем септембра 1913 у западну Македонију и област око Призрена... Исмаил Кемал је наложио избеглим арбанашким првацима, Бајраму Цуру, Иси Бољетинцу,... да са својим људима нападне српске области}}</ref> Episkupija (Piškopeja) je bila zauzeta 20. septembra 1913.<ref>{{cite book | last= Sinani | first= Rakip | title= Dibra dhe dibranët në faqet e historisë | trans_title= Dibër and the Dibrans in the Pages of History | language = Albanian | publisher = KTISTALINA-KH | year= 2005 | location= Tiranë | page = 150—160 | isbn= 99943-625-8-5}}</ref> Lokalno albansko i Bugarsko stanovništvo je proteralo Srpske vojnike i državne činovnike i formirale liniju fronta 15km istočno od Ohrida. Lokalna uprava je bila ustanovljena u Ohridu.<ref>Гоцев, Димитър. Национално-освободителната борба в Македония 1912–1915, София 1981, с. 48 (Gotsev, Dimitar. The National Liberation Struggle in Macedonia, Sofia 1981, p. 124, [http://www.macedonia-science.org/virtualna_biblioteka/Hristo_Ognjanov_Makedonija_prezivjana_sudba.pdf Огнянов, Михаил. Македония-преживяна съдба, София 2002, с. 43]</ref> Oko 100.000 vojnika Kraljevine Srbije je ugušilo ustanak u roku od nekoliko dana. Hiljade su bile ubijene a desetine hiljada stanovnika su pobegle u Bugarsku i Albaniju da bi spasile svoj život. Prema izveštaju Međunarodne Komisije Karnegijeve Fondacije za Međunarodni Mir broj izbeglica Albanske nacionalnosti je bio 25.000.<ref>[http://www.kroraina.com/knigi/en/carnegie/chapter4_2b.html Report of the International Commission to Inquire into the Causes and Conduct of the Balkan Wars, published by the Endowment Washington, D.C. 1914, p. 182]</ref>

 

 

=== Vlada i Senat ===

Formiranje vlade nove države je odloženo za četvrtu sednicu skupštine održanu 4. decembra 1912 da bi se sačekao dolazak predstavnika svih krajeva Albanije u [[Valona|Valonu]].<ref>{{Citation |author=Universiteti Shtetëror i Tiranës |authorlink= |coauthors=Instituti i Historisë dhe i Gjuhësisë, Universiteti Shtetëror i Tiranës. Instituti i Gjuhësisë dhe i Letërsisë, Universiteti Shtetëror i Tiranës. Instituti i Historisë, Instituti i Historisë (Akademia e Shkencave e RPS të Shqipërisë), Instituti i Gjuhësisë dhe i Letërsisë (Akademia e Shkencave e RPS të Shqipërisë), Akademia e Shkencave e RPS të Shqipërisë. Seksioni e Shkencave Shoqërore |title=Studia Albanica |url=http://books.google.rs/books?ei=vUA0T_OEDMaA4gTRpsypAg&id=B_8VAQAAMAAJ&dq=Shteti+shqiptar+n%C3%AB+vitet+1912-1914&q=I.+Essential+Characteristics+of+the+State+%281912+-+1914%29+Albanian+state+started+its+independent+life+through+four+important#search_anchor |volume=36 |year=2004 |publisher=L'Institut |location= Tirana |oclc=1996482 |page=18 |chapter= Essential Characteristics of the State (1912—1914) |chapterurl= http://books.google.rs/books?ei=vUA0T_OEDMaA4gTRpsypAg&id=B_8VAQAAMAAJ&dq=Shteti+shqiptar+n%C3%AB+vitet+1912-1914&q=representative#search_anchor |quote=Essential Characteristics of the State (1912—1914) ... The setting up of the government was postponed until the fourth hearing of the Assembly of Vlora, in order to give time to other delegates from all regions of Albania to arrive.}}</ref> Tokom te sednice članovi skupštine su izabrali Privremenu Vladu Albanije.<ref>{{harvnb|Schmidt-Neke|1987|p=25}}{{quote|Erst auf seiner funften sitzung am 4. Dezember 1912 komplettierte der Nationalcongreß die provisorische Regierung, die folgende Zusammensetzung hatte:}}</ref> To je bila vlada sastavljena od deset ministara predvođenih Ismailom Ćemalijem do njegovog povlačenja 22 januara 1914.<ref>{{harvnb|Giaro|2007|p=185}}{{quote|... a provisional government, consisting of ten members and led by Vlora, was formed on 4 December.}}</ref> Skupština je takođe formirala i Senat Albanije ({{jez-alb|Pleqësi}}) koji bio sastavljen od 18 članova skupštine i preuzeo savetodavnu ulogu u pogledu privremene vlade Albanije.<ref>{{harvnb|Giaro|2007|p=185}}{{quote|From its own members congress elected a senate (Pleqësi), composed of 18 members, which assumed advisory role to the government.}}</ref>

 

=== Javne usluge ===

[[Datoteka:Shqipenia 16 June 1913.jpg|thumb|100px|Poštanska marka nezavisne Albanije, 16 jun 1913.]]

Samo nedelju dana pošto je Albanija deklarisana nezavisnom formirano je njeno prvo Ministarstvo Pošte i Telegrafa na čijem je čelu bio Lef Nosi. Nezavisna Albanija je preuzela pošte Osmanskog carstva i učinila značajne napore da učini poštanske usluge Albanije prepoznatljivima.<ref>{{cite web|title=Postal service in Albania|url=http://www.postashqiptare.al/kreu.php?fq=mesi&gj=en&kid=2|publisher=http://www.postashqiptare.al|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.postashqiptare.al%2Fkreu.php%3Ffq%3Dmesi%26gj%3Den%26kid%3D2&date = 09. 02. 2012.|archivedate = 9. 2. 2012.|location=Albania|quote=the Ministry of Post Telegraph Telephone, and the minister was the notable intellectual patriot Lef Nosi. The government of that time took in administration all the post offices inherited from the Ottoman Empire and did rapid efforts for the identification of Albanian postal service.}}</ref> Pošte nezavisne Albanije su upotrebljavale poštanske pečate Osmanskog carstva sve dok ih krajem aprila i početkom maja 1913 nisu zamenili poštanskim pečatima Albanije. Na njima se u gornjem delu nalazilo ime mesta a u donjem delu naziv države Albanije ({{jez-alb|Shqipenie}}).<ref>{{Citation|last=Albanološki institut u Prištini |first=| author=Albanološki institut u Prištini |title=Gjurmime albanologjike, Volume 9, Issues 1-2|year=1970|publisher= Filozofski fakultet u Prištini. Katedra za albanologiju|location=Priština|url=http://books.google.rs/books?ei=Jtg6T9LsLeim4gTS_6HdCg&id=D5riAAAAMAAJ&dq=shqipenie+1913&q=%22+ali+poni%C3%A4tavane+albanskim+prstenastim+zigovima%2C+koji+nose+u+gornjem+delu+prstena+ime+mesta+au+donjem+ime+zemlje+%E2%80%94+%E2%80%9EShqipenie%22.+Zamena+turskih+zigova+novim+albanskim+zigovima+izvrsena+je+pri+kraju+aprila+i+pocetkom+maja+1913.+%22#search_anchor |page=124|language=Serbian|pages= 123, 124 |quote="posle proglasa nezavisnosti upotrebljavane i starim turskim žigovima poništavane marke i dopisnice... i posle ... poništavane albanskim prstenastim zigovima, koji nose u gornjem delu prstena ime mesta a u donjem ime zemlje — „Shqipenie". Zamena turskih zigova novim albanskim zigovima izvrsena je pri kraju aprila i pocetkom maja 1913." }}</ref> Emisija prvih poštanskih maraka Albanije je obavljena 5 maja 1913. Albanija je 7 jula 1913 podnela zvaničan zahtev za prijem u [[Svetski poštanski savez]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Postal service in Albania|url=http://www.postashqiptare.al/kreu.php?fq=mesi&gj=en&kid=2|publisher=http://www.postashqiptare.al|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.postashqiptare.al%2Fkreu.php%3Ffq%3Dmesi%26gj%3Den%26kid%3D2&date = 09. 02. 2012.|archivedate = 9. 2. 2012.|location=Albania|quote=on July 7 1913, presented the official demand to be recruited in Universal Postal Union and International Union of Telecommunication, entrance which was performed in 1922...}}</ref> Ovaj zahtev je odbačen a Albanija je postala član Svetskog poštanskog saveza tek 1922.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.upu.int/en/the-upu/member-countries/western-europe/albania.html|publisher=Universal Postal Union|title= Albania|quote=Albania ... Date of entry into the UPU:01-03-1922}}</ref>

 

 

== Privreda ==

Privreda Albanije je posle njenog proglašavanja nezavisnom državom 1912 godine bila bazirana na primitivnom ratarstvu i stočarstvu bez značajne industrije i sa veoma malo međudržavne trgovine.<ref>{{Citation |author=Grolier Incorporated |title=The Encyclopedia Americana |url=http://books.google.rs/books?ei=-h01T5fVLOaA4gTeo9nuAQ&id=tQc1AAAAMAAJ&dq=economy+in+albania+in+1912+agricultural&q=%22When+Albania+became+independent+in+1912%2C+its+chief+components+were+primitive+agriculture+and+livestock%22#search_anchor |volume=1 |publisher=Grolier Incorporated |page=479 |quote=When Albania became independent in 1912, its chief components were primitive agriculture and livestock raising. There was no significant industry and little inter-regional or foreign trade}}</ref> Počev od 1912 Albanija je počela aktivnosti usmerene ka sprovođenju agrarne reforme kojom bi se vlasništvo nad obradivom zemljom prenelo sa velikih zemljoposednika na seljake.<ref>{{Citation |last=Escolano |first= Julio |author=Julio Escolano |coauthors= Geoffrey Oestreicher and Pierre Lazar; Marta Ruiz-Arranz, Mario Mansilla and Engin Dalgic |title=Albania: Selected Issues |url=http://www.worldcat.org/title/albania-selected-issues-and-statistical-appendix/oclc/58542497&referer=brief_results |year=2005 |month= March |publisher=International Monetary Fund |location= Washington, D.C. |oclc=58542497 |page=28 |chapter= Land Reform and privatization in Albania, 1912—2005 |chapterurl=http://books.google.rs/books?id=v8b2q5vfC_QC&pg=PA28&dq=%22economy+in+albania+in+1912%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1Qw1T6OXE8z34QSWztyYAg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22economy%20in%20albania%20in%201912%22&f=false |quote= During independence (1912—44), Albania began pursuing agrarian reforms. These reforms, which aimed to transfer land ownership to peasants, brought about little change, however, as most land remained with the original landowners}}</ref>

 

[[Datoteka:Albania-CIA WFB Map.png|left|thumb|150px|Mapa Kneževine Albanije, teritorija koja je preostala posle podele Nezavisne Albanije]]

{{See|Kneževina Albanija|Republika Centralna Albanija}}

Mirovni ugovori potpisani u Londonu i Bukureštu 1913 godine su regulisali teritorijalne promene nastale po završetku [[Balkanski ratovi|Balkanskih ratova]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fry |first=Michael Graham |author= Michael Graham Fry|authorlink= |coauthors=Erik Goldstein, Richard Langhorne |title= Guide to International Relations and Diplomacy|url=http://books.google.com/?id=Z5ndamBABdIC&pg=PA144&dq=london+conference+territories+Balkan+wars#v=onepage&q&f=false |year= 2002 |publisher= Continuum |location= London |id=ISBN 0-8264-5250-7|page= 145 |quote= Treaty of London consisted simply of cession by the Sultan to the Great Powers of all Ottoman territory in Europe except... It was the Treaty of Bucharest, 13 August 1913, which provided the definitive settlement after the Second Balkan War}}</ref> Pošto je Londonski mir potpisan ambasadori šest velikih sila su odlučili da formiraju novu državu, Kneževinu Albaniju, kao nalednu kneževinu.<ref>{{Citation |last=Zolo |first=Danilo |author=Danilo Zolo |title=Invoking humanity: war, law, and global order |url= http://books.google.com/books?id=20kxq_Au3H8C&pg=PA179&dq=Albanian+national+Congress+1912+vlore&hl=en&ei=9jZ5Tdn7HZeL4gax9LWnBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAjgU#v=onepage&q=Albanian%20national%20Congress%201912%20vlore&f=false |year=2002 |publisher=Continuum |location= London ; New York |language= |isbn=9780826456557 |oclc=47844508 |page=179, 180 |quote= With the Peace of London, the Great European powers, in the redistributing the land taken from Turks among the Balkan states, decided to create a new state, Albania.}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Llewellyn Smith |first= Sir Michael |author=Sir Michael Llewellyn Smith |editor1=Paschalis Kitromilides |editor1-last= Kitromilides |editor1-first=Paschalis |title=Eleftherios Venizelos : the trials of statesmanship |url=http://books.google.rs/books?id=KQEH4vvG0KwC&pg=PA150&dq=principality+of+Albania+bucharest+1913&hl=en&sa=X&ei=cf0wT8mdC4HP4QS9ovD4BA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=principality%20of%20Albania%20bucharest%201913&f=false |origyear=2006 |year=2008 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |location=Edinburgh |isbn=9780748633647 |page=150 |quote=In July 1913 the Powers signed a protocol establishing Albania as an 'autonomous, sovereign, hereditary principality' under their guarantee. They set up a commission to establish the frontiers of the new state. }}</ref>

 

 

== Komemoracije ==

Od kada je Albanija 1912 godine deklarisana nezavisnom<ref>{{Citation |last=Elsie |first=Robert |author= Robert Elsie |authorlink= Robert Elsie |title= Historical dictionary of Albania |url=http://www.worldcat.org/title/historical-dictionary-of-albania/oclc/454375231&referer=brief_results |year=2010 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |location=Lanham |isbn=9780810873803 |oclc=454375231 |page=lix |chapter= Independent Albania (1912—1944) |chapterurl=http://books.google.rs/books?id=haFlGXIg8uoC&pg=PR59&dq=%22%22Independent+Albania+(1912%22%22robert+elsie&hl=en&sa=X&ei=L6AtT7TZLsT04QS4gcX_DQ&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22Independent%20Albania%20(1912%22&f=false |quote= ...on 28 November 1912, Albania was finally declared independent. }}</ref> svaki 28. novembar Albanci ma gde živeli u svetu proslavljaju kao svoj Nacionalni praznik (''Dan Albanske Nezavisnosti'' ili ''Dan Zastave'').<ref>{{Citation |last=L Gall |first=Timothy |author=Timothy L Gall |title=Worldmark Encyclopedia of Cultures and Daily Life: Europe |url= http://books.google.rs/books?id=jLhZAAAAYAAJ&q=%22Albanian+Independence+Day%22&dq=%22Albanian+Independence+Day%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=N2syT4S-CM7E4gTE-JDiBA&redir_esc=y |year= 1998 |publisher=Gale |location= Detroit |isbn=9780787605568 |oclc=36694286 |page= 25 |quote= All Albanians, wherever they are located in the world, joyously commemorate November 28 as Albanian Independence Day (Dita e Flamurit), for it was on that day in 1912 in Albanian seacoast town of Vlora, that the venerable Albanian patriot, Ismail Qemali, first raised Albanian red-and-black double headed eagle flag and proclaimed Albanian independence...}}</ref> U [[Albanija|Republici Albaniji]] se proslavlja kao državni praznik. Iako nije zvanično državni praznik Repulika Kosovo je 2011 ovaj dan proglasila praznikom na osnovu specijalne odluke predsednika [[Hashim Thaçi|Hašima Tačija]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Albanians celebrate Flag Day|url=http://infoglobi.com/eng/article/17235|publisher=Info Globi|date=28 November 2011|quote=Kosovo legislation does not include 28 November on the list of official holidays, however under a special decision of the Government PM Hashim Thaci,...today has been announced a holiday.}}</ref>

 

 

== Galerija ==

<center>

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Albanija, Nezavisna}}

[[Kategorija:Historija Albanije]]