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== Tipovi faza ==
{{glavni|Fazni dijagram}}
[[File:Steel pd.svg|thumb|left|350px|Iron-carbon [[phaseFazni diagramdijagram]] gvožđa i ugljenika, showingprikazuje uslove koji su theneophodni conditionsda necessarybi tose formformirale differentrazličite phasesfaze]]
Različite faze sistema mogu se predstaviti korištenjem '''faznih dijagrama'''. Ose dijegramadijagrama su relevantne termodinamičkimtermodinamičke varijablamapromenljive. Za jednostavne mehaničke sisteme, obično se koriste [[pritisak]] i [[temperatura]].
Distinktne faze mogu da postoje unutar datog agregatnog stanja materije. Kao što je prikazano na dijagramu leguraa gvožđa, postoji nekoliko faza u čvrstom i tečnom stanju. Faze se isto tako mogu diferencirati po osnovi [[rastvorljivost]]i, ne polarne (hidrofilne) i nepolane (hidrofobne). Smeša vode (polarne tečnosti) i ulja (nepolarne tečnosti) se spontano razdvaja u dve faze. Voda ima veoma nisku [[rastvorljivost]] (nerastvorna je) u ulju, a ulje ima veoma nisku rastvorljivost u vodi. Rastvorljivost je maksimalna količina rastvorka koji se može rastvoriti u rastvaraču pre nego što rastvora prestane da se rastvara i ostaje u zasebnoj fazi. Smeša se može razdvojiti u više od dve faze. Koncept separacije faza je primenljiv na čvrste materije, i.e., čvrste materije mogu da formiraju [[čvrsti rastvor|čvrste rastvore]] ili da kristalizuju u distinktne kristalne faze. Metalni parovi koji su uzajamno rastvorni mogu da formiraju [[legura|legure]], dok metalni parivi koji su uzajamno nerastvorni ne mogu.
Distinct phases may also exist within a given state of matter. As shown in the diagram for iron alloys, several phases exist for both the solid and liquid states. Phases may also be differentiated based on [[solubility]] as in polar (hydrophilic) or non-polar (hydrophobic). A mixture of water (a polar liquid) and oil (a non-polar liquid) will spontaneously separate into two phases. Water has a very low [[solubility]] (is insoluble) in oil, and oil has a low solubility in water. Solubility is the maximum amount of a solute that can dissolve in a solvent before the solute ceases to dissolve and remains in a separate phase. A mixture can separate into more than two liquid phases and the concept of phase separation extends to solids, i.e., solids can form [[solid solution]]s or crystallize into distinct crystal phases. Metal pairs that are mutually soluble can form [[alloy]]s, whereas metal pairs that are mutually insoluble cannot.
AsPostoje manysistemi askoji sadrže i do [[multiphasicmultifazna liquidtečnost|eightosam immisciblenemešljivih liquidtečnih phasesfaza]] have been observed.<ref>One such system is, from the top: mineral oil, silicone oil, water, aniline, perfluoro(dimethylcyclohexane), white phosphorus, gallium, and mercury. The system remains indefinitely separated at {{val|45|u=°C}}, where gallium and phosphorus are in the molten state. From {{cite book
|author=Reichardt, C.
|date=2006
|publisher= Wiley-VCH
|isbn=3-527-60567-3
}}</ref> MutuallyUzajamno immisciblenemešljive liquidtečne phasesfaze arese formedformiraju fromod watervode (aqueousvodene phasefaze), hydrophobichidrofobnih organicorganskih solventsrastvarača, perfluorocarbonsperfluorougljenika ([[organofluorineorganofluorna chemistry#Fluorous phaseshemija|fluorousfluorne phasefaze]]), siliconessilikona, severalnekoliko differentrazličitih metalsmetala, andkao alsoi fromrastopljenog molten phosphorusfosfora. NotSvi allorganski organicrastvarači solventsse arene completely misciblemešaju, e.g. a mixture ofsmeša [[ethyleneetilen glycolglikol]]a andi [[toluenetoluen]]a se maymože separaterazdvojiti intou twodve distinctzasebne organicorganske phasesfaze.<ref>This phenomenon can be used to help with catalyst recycling in Heck vinylation. See {{cite journal
|author=Bhanage, B.M.
|display-authors=etal
}}</ref>
Faze ne moraju da se spontano makroskopski razdvajaju. [[Emulzija|Emulzije]] i [[koloid]]i su primeri nemešljivih faza parova kombinacija koji se fizički ne razdvajaju.
Phases do not need to macroscopically separate spontaneously. [[Emulsion]]s and [[colloid]]s are examples of immiscible phase pair combinations that do not physically separate.
== Fazna ravnoteža ==
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