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Tokom zadnjog veka poljoprivreda se odlikovala povećanom produktivnošću, primenom sintetičkih đubriva, zamenom ručnog rada pesticidima, [[zagađenje vode|zagađenjem vode]] i [[Poljoprivredna subvencija|poljoprivrednim subvencijama]]. Zadnjih godina je ojačao otpor konvencionalnoj poljoprivredi zbog njenog negativnog uticaja na životnu sredinu, i došlo je do povećane zastupljenosti [[Organska poljoprivreda|organske]] i [[održiva poljoprivreda|održive]] poljoprivrede.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.motherjones.com/tom-philpott/2013/04/history-nitrogen-fertilizer-ammonium-nitrate|author=Philpott, Tom|title=A Brief History of Our Deadly Addiction to Nitrogen Fertilizer|date=19 April 2013|accessdate=7 May 2013|publisher=Mother Jones}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=The World Bank|year=1995|url=http://econ.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64165259&theSitePK=469372&piPK=64165421&menuPK=64166093&entityID=000009265_3970311122936|title=Overcoming agricultural pollution of water: the challenge of integrating agricultural and environmental policies in the European Union, Volume 1|accessdate=15 April 2013|author=Scheierling, Susanne M.}}</ref> Jedna od glavnih pokretačkih sila tog pokreta je bila [[Evropska Unija]], koja je prva certifikovala [[Ekološka hrana|ekološku hranu]] 1991. godine i započela reformu svoje [[Zajednička poljoprivredna politika|zajedničke poljoprivredne politike]] (CAP - ''Common Agricultural Policy'') 2005. godine kojom će se ukinuti robno vezane poljoprivredne subvencije,<ref>{{cite web|publisher=European Commission|year=2003|url=http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/capreform/index_en.htm|title=CAP Reform|accessdate=15 April 2013}}</ref>. Razvoj organske poljoprivrede je podstakao istraživanja u oblastima alternativnih tehnologija kao što je [[integrisana kontrola štetočina]] i selektivni uzgoj. Nedavni fundamentalni tehnološki mapredci obuhvataju [[Genetski modifikovana hrana|genetski modifikovanu hranu]].
InGodine 2007, highervisoki incentivespodsticaji forza farmerspoljoprivrednike toda growuzgajaju non-fooduseve za [[ biofuelBiogoriva|biogorivo]] crops<ref>{{cite journal|author=Smith, Kate; Edwards, Rob|date=8 March 2008|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/2008-the-year-of-global-food-crisis-1.828546 |title=2008: The year of global food crisis|journal=The Herald|location=Glasgow}}</ref> combinedu withkombinaciji othersa factorsdrugim faktorima, suchkao asšto overdevelopmentje ofprekomerni formerrazvoj farmbivšeg landspoljoprivrednog zemljišta, risingporast transportationtransportnih coststroškova, [[ climateklimatske changepromene]], growingrastuća consumerpotrašačka demandpotražnja inu ChinaKini andi IndiaIndiji, andi [[ populationPrirodni priraštaj|rast growthpopulacije]],<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/2008/0118/p08s01-comv.html|title=The global grain bubble|journal=The Christian Science Monitor|date=18 January 2008|accessdate=26 September 2013}}</ref> causedsu uzrokovali [[ foodsigurnost securityhrane| foodnestašice shortageshrane]] inu AsiaAziji, theSrednjem Middle EastIstoku, AfricaAfriki, andi MexicoMeksiku, askao welli asporast risingcena foodhrane prices around theširom globesveta.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/7284196.stm|title=The cost of food: Facts and figures|publisher=''BBC News Online''|date=16 October 2008|accessdate=26 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Walt, Vivienne|date=27 February 2008|url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1717572,00.html|title=The World's Growing Food-Price Crisis|journal=Time}}</ref> AsDecembra of2007. December 2007,je 37 countrieszemalja facedbilo foodsuočeno sa prehrambenim criseskrizama, anda u 20 hadje imposedbio someuveden sortneki ofoblik food-pricekontrole cena controlshrane. SomeNeke ofod thesetih shortagesnestašica resultedsu indovele do [[2007-2008 worldsvetska foodkriza pricecena crisishrane| foodnemira riotszbog nedostatka hrane]] andi evenčak deadlysmrtonosnih stampedesstampeda.<ref name="guardian.co.uk">Watts, Jonathan (4 December 2007). [http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2007/dec/04/china.business "Riots and hunger feared as demand for grain sends food costs soaring"], ''The Guardian'' (London).</ref><ref name="timesonline.co.uk">Mortished, Carl (7 March 2008).[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/environment/article3500975.ece "Already we have riots, hoarding, panic: the sign of things to come?"], ''The Times'' (London).</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">Borger, Julian (26 February 2008). [http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2008/feb/26/food.unitednations "Feed the world? We are fighting a losing battle, UN admits"], ''The Guardian'' (London).</ref> The [[ InternationalMeđunarodni Fundfond forza Agriculturalpoljoprivredni Developmentrazvoj]] positssmatra thatda anpovećana increasezastupljenost inzakupničke [[smallholding|smallholderpoljoprivrede agriculture]]može mayda bebude partdeo ofrešenja theza solutionsputavanje torasta concernscena abouthrane foodi pricessveukupnu and overall foodbezbednost securityhrane. TheyOni indelom partbaziraju basetu thistvrdnju onna theiskustvu experience of VietnamVijetnama, whichkoji wentje fromotišao aod fooduvoznika importerhrane todo largevelikog foodizvoznika, exporteršto andje sawdovelo ado significantznatnog droppada instepena povertysiromaštva, due mainlyi to theje developmentuglavnom ofposledica smallholderrazvoja agriculturezakupničke inpoljoprivrede theu toj countryzemlji.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifad.org/operations/food/farmer.htm|title=Food prices: smallholder farmers can be part of the solution|publisher=International Fund for Agricultural Development|accessdate=24 April 2013}}</ref> ▼== Tmp ==
▲In 2007, higher incentives for farmers to grow non-food [[biofuel]] crops<ref>{{cite journal|author=Smith, Kate; Edwards, Rob|date=8 March 2008|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/2008-the-year-of-global-food-crisis-1.828546 |title=2008: The year of global food crisis|journal=The Herald|location=Glasgow}}</ref> combined with other factors, such as overdevelopment of former farm lands, rising transportation costs, [[climate change]], growing consumer demand in China and India, and [[population growth]],<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/2008/0118/p08s01-comv.html|title=The global grain bubble|journal=The Christian Science Monitor|date=18 January 2008|accessdate=26 September 2013}}</ref> caused [[food security|food shortages]] in Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and Mexico, as well as rising food prices around the globe.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/7284196.stm|title=The cost of food: Facts and figures|publisher=''BBC News Online''|date=16 October 2008|accessdate=26 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Walt, Vivienne|date=27 February 2008|url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1717572,00.html|title=The World's Growing Food-Price Crisis|journal=Time}}</ref> As of December 2007, 37 countries faced food crises, and 20 had imposed some sort of food-price controls. Some of these shortages resulted in [[2007-2008 world food price crisis|food riots]] and even deadly stampedes.<ref name="guardian.co.uk">Watts, Jonathan (4 December 2007). [http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2007/dec/04/china.business "Riots and hunger feared as demand for grain sends food costs soaring"], ''The Guardian'' (London).</ref><ref name="timesonline.co.uk">Mortished, Carl (7 March 2008).[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/environment/article3500975.ece "Already we have riots, hoarding, panic: the sign of things to come?"], ''The Times'' (London).</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">Borger, Julian (26 February 2008). [http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2008/feb/26/food.unitednations "Feed the world? We are fighting a losing battle, UN admits"], ''The Guardian'' (London).</ref> The [[International Fund for Agricultural Development]] posits that an increase in [[smallholding|smallholder agriculture]] may be part of the solution to concerns about food prices and overall food security. They in part base this on the experience of Vietnam, which went from a food importer to large food exporter and saw a significant drop in poverty, due mainly to the development of smallholder agriculture in the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifad.org/operations/food/farmer.htm|title=Food prices: smallholder farmers can be part of the solution|publisher=International Fund for Agricultural Development|accessdate=24 April 2013}}</ref>
DiseaseBolesti andi landdegradacija degradationzemljišta aresu twodva ofglavna theuzročnika majorza concernszabrinost inu agriculturedanašnjoj todaypoljoprivredi. ForNa exampleprimer, an epidemic ofepidemija [[stemstabljična rustrđa|stabljične rđe]] on wheat causedna bypšenici theuzrokovana [[Ug99]] lineagesojom isse currentlytrenutno spreadingširi acrossduž AfricaAfrike andka intoAziji Asiai anduzrokuje isveliku causingzabrinutost majorzbog concernsgubitaka dueprinosa to crop losses ofod 70%, ori moreviše underu somenekim conditionsokolnositma.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/agriculture/crops/rust/stem/rust-report/stem-ug99racettksk/en/|title=Wheat Stem Rust – UG99 (Race TTKSK)|publisher=FAO|accessdate=6 January 2014}}</ref> ApproximatelyAproksimativno 40% ofsvetskog thepoljoprivrednog world's agricultural landzemljišta isje seriouslyozbiljno degradeddegradirano.<ref>Sample, Ian (31 August 2007). [http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2007/aug/31/climatechange.food "Global food crisis looms as climate change and population growth strip fertile land"], ''The Guardian'' (London).</ref> InU AfricaAfrici, ifako currentse trendssadašnji oftrend soildegradacije degradationzemljišta continuenastavi, thekontinent continentće mightverovatno bemoći ableda toprehrani feed justsamo 25% ofsvoje itspopulacije population bydo 2025, accordingpo topodacima [[UnitedUniverzitet NationsUjedinjenih Universitynacija|UNU]]'s Ghana-basedInstituta za Instituteresurse foru NaturalAfcici Resourcesbaziranog inu AfricaGani.<ref>[http://news.mongabay.com/2006/1214-unu.html "Africa may be able to feed only 25% of its population by 2025"], ''mongabay.com'', 14 December 2006.</ref>
AgrarianAgrarna structurestruktura isje adugorična long-termstruktura structure in thepo [[Fernand Braudel|BraudelianBraudelskom]] understandingshavatanju of the conceptkoncepta. OnNa adugoročnim largerskalama scaleagrarna thestruktura agrarianje structureu isvećoj moremeri dependentzavisna onod the regionalregionalnih, socialdruštvenih, culturalkulturnih andi historicalistorijskih factorsfaktora thannego onod thedržavnih state’saktivnosti. undertaken activities.Na Likeprimer inu PolandPoljskoj, whereuprkos despitesprovođenja runningintenzivne anagrarne intensepolitike agrariantokom policydužeg forniza many yearsgodina, theagrarna agrarianstruktura structure inje 2002. hasnalikovala muchstanju in common with that found iniz 1921. soonneposredno after thenakon [[History ofIstorija PolandPoljske (1795–1918)|partitionsperioda periodpodela]].<ref>[http://www.agrojournal.org/20/05-03.pdf M. Pietrzak, D. Walczak. 2014. The Analysis of the Agrarian Structure in Poland with the Special Consideration of the Years 1921 and 2002, Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol 20, No 5, pp. 1025, 1038.]</ref>
InGodine 2009, the [[AgriculturePoljoprivreda inu ChinaKini|agricultural outputpoljoprivredni ofproizvod ChinaKine]] wasje thebio largestnajveći inna the worldsvetu, followedčemu bysu thesledele EuropeanEvropska UnionUnija, IndiaIndija andi theSjedinjene UnitedAmeričke StatesDržave, accordingpo to thepodacima [[InternationalMeđunarodni Monetarymonetarni Fund]]fond|Internacionalnog (''[[Agriculture#List of countries by agricultural output|seemonetarnog belowfonda]]''). EconomistsEkonomisti measure thekoriste [[totaltotalni factorfaktor productivityproduktivnosti]] ofpoljoprivrede, agriculturei andpo bytoj thismeri measureje agriculturepoljoprivreda inu theSjedinjenim UnitedDržavama States is roughlyoko 1.,7 timesputa moreproduktivnija productivenego thanšto itje was inbila 1948. godine.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=USDA Economic Research Service|url=http://www.ers.usda.gov/data/agproductivity/ |title=Agricultural Productivity in the United States|date=5 July 2012|accessdate=22 April 2013}}</ref>
== Poljoprivredni proizvodni sistemi ==
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