Malcolm III od Škotske – razlika između verzija

Uklonjeni sadržaj Dodani sadržaj
Kolega2357 (razgovor | doprinos)
m clean up using AWB
m razne ispravke; kozmetičke promjene
Red 21:
}}
 
'''Máel Coluim mac Donnchada''' ([[škotski gelski jezik|moderni gelski]]: ''Maol Chaluim mac Dhonnchaidh'',<ref>''Máel Coluim mac Donnchada'' je srednjovjekovni gelski oblik.</ref> u većini [[Anglicizacija|angliciziranih]] kraljevskih popisa navođen kao '''Malcolm III''', a u kasnijim vijekovima i s nadimkom '''Canmore''', "Big Head" ("Velika glava")<ref>Ritchie, p. 3</ref><ref>Burton, vol. 1, p. 350, states: "Malcolm the son of Duncan is known as Malcolm III., but still better perhaps by his characteristic name of Canmore, said to come from the Celtic 'Cenn Mór', meaning 'great head'". It has also been argued recently that the real "Malcolm Canmore" was this Malcolm's great-grandson [[Malcolm IV od Škotske|Malcolm IV]], who is given this name in the contemporary notice of his death. Duncan, pp. 51–52, 74–75; Oram, p. 17, note 1.</ref> bilo doslovno ili kao referenca na njegove vještine vođe,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.millsgen.com/gen/famgroups/fg05/fg05_045.htm |title=King Malcolm CANMORE OF SCOTLAND III & St Margaret “Atheling” OF ENGLAND |publisher=Millsgen.com |date=2010-06-28 |accessdate=2012-11-08}}</ref> "Long-neck" (Digovrati);<ref name="Orkneyinga Saga, c. 33">''Orkneyinga Saga'', c. 33.</ref> ? _-13. novembar 1093) bio je [[spisak škotskih kraljeva|kralj Škota]] od 1058. do 1093. Rodio se kao najstariji sin [[Duncan I od Škotske|Duncana I]] (Donnchad mac Crínáin). Malcolmova duga vladavina od 35 godina je predstavljala uvertiru u tzv. [[Škoto-Normani|škoto-normansko]] doba. Najbolje je, međutim, poznat kao historijska podloga za istoimeni lik u znamenitoj [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeareovoj]] tragediji ''[[Macbeth]]''.
 
Malcolmova vlast se nije pružala na cijeloj teritoriji današnje [[Škotska|Škotske]]: sjever i zapad je ostao u rukama [[Nordijci|nordijskih]], [[Nordo-Geli|norod-gelskih]] i [[Geli|gelskih]] klanova i državica, a Škotska je ostala u granicama zacrtanim od strane prethodnog kralja [[Malcolm II od Škotske|Malcolma II]] (Máel Coluim mac Cináeda) sve do 12. vijeka. Malcolm III je vodio niz ratova protiv [[Kraljevina Engleska|Engleske]], koje se obično tumače njegovim nastojanjem da osvojio englesko sjeverno vojvodstvo (earldom) [[Nortumbrija|Northumbrija]]. Ti pohodi, međutim, nisu rezultirali nikakvim značajnijim teritorijalnim proširanjem. Malcolmu kao najveće dostignuće historičari pripisuju to što je uspio obnoviti, odnosno održati dinastiju koja će Škotskom vladati u kasnijim periodima,<ref>Ime njegove porodice je predmet rasprave. "[[Kuća Dunkeld]]" je izraz koji se gotovo nikada ne koristi; "Canmoreski kraljevi" ili "dinastija Canmore" nis općeprihvaćeni, kao ni kovanice [[Richard Oram|Richarda OramaOramas]]s natpisom "meic Maíl Coluim" ili "MacMalcolm" Michjaela Lyncha. Za rasprave v. Duncan, pp. 53–54; McDonald, ''Outlaws'', p. 3; Barrow, ''Kingship and Unity'', Appendix C; Reid. Broun iscrpno raspravlja o porijelu.</ref> iako njegova uloga "osnivača dinastije" ima više veze s propagandom koju su stvarali njegov najmlađi sin David i njegovi potomci, nego sa historijskom stvarnošću.<ref>Hammond, p. 21. Prvi rodoslov koji porijeklo vuče od Malcolma umjesto [[Kenneth MacAlpin|Kennetha MacAlpina]] (Cináed mac Ailpín) ili [[Fergus Mór]]a datira iz vladavine [[Alexander II od Škotske|Aleksandra II]], v. Broun, pp. 195–200.</ref>
 
Malcolmova druga supruga [[Sveta Margaret od Škotske|Margaret od Wessexa]] je kasnije [[beatifikacija|beatificirana]] te postala jedini škotski kraljevski svetac. Sam Malcolm, međutim, nije uživao reputaciju pobožnog vladara. Sa izuzetkom [[opatija Dunfermline|opatije Dunfermline]], njegovo ime se ne povezuje sa osnivanjem ili pomoći crkvenim institucijama, odnosno vjerskim reformama.
 
== Preci ==
<div style="clear: both; width: 100%; padding: 0; text-align: left; border: none;" class="NavFrame">
<div style="background:#cdc; text-align:center; border:1px solid #676;" class="NavHead">''Preci Malcolma III od Škotske '''
Red 75:
</div></div>
 
== Izvori ==
{{Reflist|2}}
 
== Literatura ==
{{Refbegin|2}}
* [[Alan Orr Anderson|Anderson, Alan Orr]], ''Early Sources of Scottish History A.D 500–1286'', volume 1. Reprinted with corrections. Paul Watkins, Stamford, 1990. ISBN 1-871615-03-8
* Anderson, Alan Orr, ''Scottish Annals from English Chroniclers.'' D. Nutt, London, 1908.
* [[Marjorie Ogilvie Anderson|Anderson, Marjorie Ogilvie]], ''Kings and Kingship in Early Scotland.'' Scottish Academic Press, Edinburgh, revised edition 1980. ISBN 0-7011-1604-8
* Anon., ''Orkneyinga Saga: The History of the Earls of Orkney'', tr. Hermann Pálsson and Paul Edwards. Penguin, London, 1978. ISBN 0-14-044383-5
* {{citation | last=Baker | first=Ernest Albert| title=A Guide to Historical Fiction| year=1914 | publisher=George Routledge and sons| isbn= | url = http://archive.org/details/guidetohistorica00bake}}
* Barrell, A.D.M. ''Medieval Scotland.'' Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000. ISBN 0-521-58602-X
* [[G. W. S. Barrow|Barrow, G.W.S.]], ''Kingship and Unity: Scotland, 1000–1306.'' Reprinted, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 1989. ISBN 0-7486-0104-X
* Barrow, G.W.S., ''The Kingdom of the Scots.'' Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 2003. ISBN 0-7486-1803-1
* [[Dauvit Broun|Broun, Dauvit]], ''The Irish Identity of the Kingdom of the Scots in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries.'' Boydell, Woodbridge, 1999. ISBN 0-85115-375-5
* [[John Hill Burton|Burton, John Hill]], ''The History of Scotland'', New Edition, 8 vols, Edinburgh 1876
* [[Thomas Owen Clancy|Clancy, Thomas Owen]], "St. Margaret" in Michael Lynch (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Scottish History.'' Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2002. ISBN 0-19-211696-7
* [[Archie Duncan|Duncan, A.A.M.]], ''The Kingship of the Scots 842–1292: Succession and Independence.'' Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 2002. ISBN 0-7486-1626-8
* Dunlop, Eileen, ''Queen Margaret of Scotland.'' National Museums of Scotland, Edinburgh, 2005. ISBN 1-901663-92-2
* Hammond, Matthew H., "Ethnicity and Writing of Medieval Scottish History", in ''The Scottish Historical Review'', Vol. 85, April, 2006, pp.&nbsp;1–27
* [[John of Fordun]], ''Chronicle of the Scottish Nation'', ed. [[William Forbes Skene]], tr. Felix J.H. Skene, 2 vols. Reprinted, Llanerch Press, Lampeter, 1993. ISBN 1-897853-05-X
* McDonald, R. Andrew, ''The Kingdom of the Isles: Scotland's Western Seaboard, c. 1100–c.1336.'' Tuckwell Press, East Linton, 1997. ISBN 1-898410-85-2
* McDonald, R. Andrew, ''Outlaws of Medieval Scotland: Challenges to the Canmore Kings, 1058–1266.'' Tuckwell Press, East Linton, 2003. ISBN 1-86232-236-8
* {{citation | last=Nield | first=Jonathan| title=A Guide to the Best Historical Novels and Tales| year=1925 | publisher=G. P. Putnam's sons| isbnid=ISBN 0-8337-2509-2| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=904G29jMdzIC&printsec=frontcover&hl=el&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false}}
* [[Richard Oram|Oram, Richard]], ''David I: The King Who Made Scotland.'' Tempus, Stroud, 2004. ISBN 0-7524-2825-X
* Reid, Norman, "Kings and Kingship: Canmore Dynasty" in Michael Lynch (ed.), op. cit.
Red 105:
{{Refend}}
 
== Vanjske veze ==
* [http://www.northvegr.org/lore/orkney/ Orkneyinga Saga] at [http://www.northvegr.org/ Northvegr]
* [http://celt.ucc.ie/index.html CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts] at [[University College Cork]]
 
{{s-start}}