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== Fizika i energetika ==
[[File:Hurricane profile.svg|thumb|250px|right|TropicalTropski cyclonescikloni exhibitispoljavaju anprevrćuću overturningcirkulaciju circulationusled wherekoje airse inflowsvazduh atuliva lowna levelsniskim nearnivoima theu surfaceblizini površine, risespodiše inu thunderstormgrmljavinske cloudsoblake, andi outflowsotiče atna highvišim levelsnivoima nearu theblizini tropopausetropopauze.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wind.mit.edu/~emanuel/anthro2.htm|title=Anthropogenic Effects on Tropical Cyclone Activity.|author=Emanuel, Kerry |date=February 8, 2006|publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology|accessdate=May 7, 2009}}</ref>]]
[[Trodimenzionalni prostor|Trodimenzionalno]] polje vetra u tropskom ciklonu se može podeliti u dve komponente: primarnu cirkulaciju i [[sekundarna cirkulacija|sekundarnu cirkulaciju]]". Primarna cirkulacije je rotacioni deo protoka; ona je čisto cirkularna. Sekundarna cirkulacija je prevrćući deo protoka; ona deluje u [[radiate|radijalnom]] i vertikalnom pravcu. Primarna cirkulacija obuhvata najjače vetrove i odgovorna je za najveći deo štete uzrokovane olujuom, dok je sekundarna cirkulacija sporija mada vlada [[energetika|energetikom]] oluje.
The [[three-dimensional]] wind field in a tropical cyclone can be separated into two components: a "primary circulation" and a "[[secondary circulation]]". The primary circulation is the rotational part of the flow; it is purely circular. The secondary circulation is the overturning (in-up-out-down) part of the flow; it is in the [[radiate|radial]] and vertical directions. The primary circulation has the strongest winds and is responsible for the majority of the damage a storm causes, while the secondary circulation is slower but governs the [[energetics]] of the storm.
=== Sekundarna circulacija: Karnotova toplotna mašina ===
APrimarne tropicalizvor cyclone'senergije primarytropskog energyciklona sourceje is the evaporation ofisparavanje [[watervoda|vode]] fromsa thepovršine [[oceanokean]] surfacea, whichkaja se ultimatelyultimatno [[condensationkondenzacija|recondensesrekondenzuje]] intou cloudsoblacimi andi rainkiši, whenkad these warmvruć moistvazduh airpodigne risesi andogladi cools todo [[SaturatedZasićeni fluid|saturationzasićenja]]. The energetics of the systemEnergetika maysistema bese idealizedmože asidealizovati ankao atmosphericatmosferska [[CarnotKarnotova heattoplotna enginemašina]].<ref name="JAS Emanuel 1986">{{cite doi | 10.1175/1520-0469(1986)043<0585:AASITF>2.0.CO;2}}</ref> First, inflowing air near the surface acquires heat primarily via evaporation of water (i.e. [[latent heat]]) at the temperature of the warm ocean surface (during evaporation, the ocean cools and the air warms). Second, the warmed air rises and cools within the eyewall while conserving total heat content (latent heat is simply converted to [[sensible heat]] during [[condensation]]). Third, air outflows and loses heat via [[Thermal radiation|infrared radiation]] to space at the temperature of the cold [[tropopause]]. Finally, air [[Subsidence (atmosphere)|subsides]] and warms at the outer edge of the storm while conserving total heat content. The first and third legs are nearly [[isothermal]], while the second and fourth legs are nearly [[isentropic]]. This in-up-out-down overturning flow is known as the [[Secondary flow|secondary circulation]]. The Carnot perspective provides an [[Tropical cyclone#Maximum potential intensity|upper bound]] on the maximum wind speed that a storm can attain.
ScientistsNaučnici estimateprocenjuju thatda atropski tropicalciklon cycloneoslobađa releasestoplotnu heatenergiju energybrzinom at the rate ofod 50 todo 200 [[exajouleeksa džul]]sa (10<sup>18</sup> J) perna daydan,<ref name="NOAA Question of the Month">{{cite web|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/D7.html|title=NOAA FAQ: How much energy does a hurricane release?|date=August 2001|accessdate=June 30, 2009|publisher= National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration }}</ref> equivalentšto toje aboutekvivalentno sa oko 1 PW (10<sup>15</sup> wattvata). ThisTa ratebrzina ofoslobađanja energyenergije releaseje isdo equivalent70 toputa 70veća times theod [[world energy resources and consumption|worldsvetske energyenergetske consumptionpotrošnje]] ofljudi humans andi 200 timesveća theod worldwidesvetskog electricalelektričnog generatingkapaciteta. capacity,Ona orje toekvivalentna explodingsa aeksplozijom 10-[[TNT equivalentekvivalent|megatonmegatonske]] [[nuclearnuklearne bombbombe]] everysvakih 20 minutesminuta.<ref name="NOAA Question of the Month"/><ref name="UCAR">{{cite web|url=http://www.ucar.edu/news/features/hurricanes/index.jsp|title=Hurricanes: Keeping an eye on weather's biggest bullies.|date=March 31, 2006|publisher= University Corporation for Atmospheric Research |accessdate=May 7, 2009}}</ref>
=== Primarna cirkulacija: rotirajuči vetrovi ===
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