Orkan – razlika između verzija

[[File:Typhooon Nabi as seen from the ISS.jpg|thumb|left|300px|[[Tajfun Nabi]] snimljen sa [[Međunarodna svemirska stanica|Međunarodne svemirske stanice]], 3. septembra 3, 2005.]]

Tropski cikloni su oblasti relativno [[Oblast niskog pritiska|niskog pritiska]] u [[troposfera|troposferi]], sa najvećim perturbacijama pritiska na malim visinama, nedaleko od površine. Na Zemlji, pritisciPritisci zabeleženi u centrima tropskih ciklona su među najnižimnajnižima ikad izmerenim na Zemlji na [[Razina mora|nivou mora]].<ref name="ABC pressures">{{cite news|author=Symonds, Steve|title=Highs and Lows|work=Wild Weather|url=http://www.abc.net.au/northcoast/stories/s989385.htm|publisher= Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=November 17, 2003|accessdate=March 23, 2007|archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20071011194541/http://www.abc.net.au/northcoast/stories/s989385.htm |archivedate = October 11, 2007|deadurl=yes}}</ref> Okolina u bliziniCentralna centarazona tropskih ciklona je toplijetoplija nego okružujuća oblast na svim visinama, i stoga se oni nazivaju sistema „toplog jezgra“.<ref name="AOML FAQ A7">{{cite web|title=Frequently Asked Questions: What is an extra-tropical cyclone?|publisher= National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |accessdate=March 23, 2007|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/A7.html|author1 = Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory|author2 = Hurricane Research Division|authorlink1= }}</ref>

ThePolje near-surfacevetra windtropskog fieldciklona ofu ablizini tropicalpovršine cycloneje isokarakterisano characterisedvetrom bykoji airbrzo rotatingrotira rapidly around aoko [[EyeOko (cycloneciklon)|centrecentra of circulationcirkulacije]], whiledok alsose flowingitovremeno radiallyradijalno inwards.kreće Atna theunutra outeri edgenaviše. ofNa spoljašnjoj theivici stormoluje, airvazduh maymože beda nearlybude calm;skoro however,miran. dueUsled torotacije the Earth's rotationZemlje, the[[apsolutni airugaoni hasmomenat]] non-zerovazduha [[absolutenije angularjednak momentum]]nuli. Sa Asradijalnim airprotokom flowsvazduha radiallyka inwardunutrašnjosti, it beginsdolazi todo [[cyclonicciklonska rotationrotacija|rotateciklonske cyclonicallyrotacije]] (counter-clockwisesuprotno insmeru thekazaljki Northernna Hemispheresatu u Severnoj hemisferi, andi clockwiseu insmeru thekazaljki Southernna Hemispheresatu u Južnoj hemisferi) inda orderbi tose [[conservation of angularMoment momentumimpulsa|conserveočuvao angularugaoni momentummomenat]]. Na Atizvesnom anunutrašnjem inner radiusprečniku, airvazduh beginspočinje toda ascendse topenje theka [[tropopausetropopauza|topvrhu of the tropospheretroposfere]]. ThisTaj radiusprečnik isje typicallytipično coincidentkoincidentan withsa theunutrašnjim innerprečnikom radiuszida ofoka, thei [[eyewall]],ima andnajjače hasvetrove theu strongestblizini near-surfacepovršine windsu of thecelokupnoj stormoluji; consequentlykonsekventno, iton isje knownpoznat as thekao ''[[radiusprečnik ofmaksimalnog vetra|prečnik maximummaksimalnih windvetrova]]s''.<ref name="NHC glossary">{{cite web|author= National Hurricane Center |url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutgloss.shtml|year=2005|title=Glossary of NHC/TPC Terms|accessdate=November 29, 2006|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]}}</ref> OnceKad aloftse ispenje, airvazduh flowsse awayudaljava fromod thecentra storm's centeroluje, producingproizvodeći aštit shield ofod [[cirrusCirus|cirusnih cloudoblaka]]s.<ref name="cirrus">{{cite web|title=Cirrus Cloud Detection|location=Monterey, CA|url=http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/sat_training/nexsat/cirrus/NexSat_Cirrus.pdf|author=Marine Meteorology Division|work=Satellite Product Tutorials|publisher= United States Naval Research Laboratory |accessdate=June 4, 2013|format=PDF|page=1}}</ref>

TheGore previouslyopisani mentionedproces processesdovodi resultdo inpolja avetra windkoje fieldje that is nearlyskoro [[axisymmetricRotaciona simetrija|osno simetrično]]:. WindBrzina speedsvetra areje lowniska atu the centrecentru, increasebrzo rapidlyse movingpovečava outwardsidući toka theprečniku radiusmaksimalne of maximumbrzine windsvetra, andi thenzatim decayse morepostepeno graduallysnižava withsa radiusdaljim topovećanjem large radiiprečnika. HoweverMeđutim, thepolje windvetra fieldčesto oftenmanifestuje exhibitsdodatne additionalprostorne spatiali andtemporalne temporalvarijabilnosti variabilityusled duedejstava tolokalizovanih theprocesa, effects of localized processes,kao suchšto asje [[atmosphericatmosferska convectionkonvekcija|thunderstormolujna activityaktivnost]] andi horizontalhorizontalne [[Instability#Fluid instabilitiesNestabilnost|flownestabilnosti instabilitiesprotoka]]. InU thevertikalnom vertical directionpravcu, windsvetrovi aresu strongestnajjači nearu theblizini surfacepovršine andi decaysmanjuju withse heightsa withinpovečanjem thevisine unutar tropospheretroposfere.<ref name="MWR Frank 1977">{{cite journal|author=Frank, W. M. |title=The structure and energetics of the tropical cyclone I. Storm structure|year=1977|journal= Monthly Weather Review |volume=105 |issue=9 |pages=1119–1135 |bibcode = 1977MWRv..105.1119F |doi = 10.1175/1520-0493(1977)105<1119:TSAEOT>2.0.CO;2 }}</ref>

[[File:Hurricane-en.svg|thumb|left|300px|DiagramDijagram ofuragana aSeverne Northern hemisphere hurricanehemisfere.]]

[[File:HurrArthur720p.webm|right|leftthumb|300px|HurrArthur720p|NASA animationanimacija ofuragana HurricaneArtura Arthur iniz 2014. pokazuje showingbrzine rainkiše ratesi andunutrašnju internalstrukturu structurena frombazi [[GlobalGlobalno Precipitationmerenje Measurementpadavina|GPM]] satellitesatelitskih datapodataka]]

AtU thecentru centerformiranog oftropskog aciklona, mature tropical cyclone,vazduh airpotanja sinksumesto ratherda thanse risespodiže. For a sufficiently strong storm, air may sink over a layer deep enough to suppress cloud formation, thereby creating a clear "[[Eye (cyclone)|eye]]". Weather in the eye is normally calm and free of clouds, although the sea may be extremely violent.<ref name="JetStream structure">{{cite web|url=http://www.srh.noaa.gov/jetstream/tropics/tc_structure.htm|author= National Weather Service |work=JetStream&nbsp;— An Online School for Weather|publisher= National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration |title=Tropical Cyclone Structure|accessdate=May 7, 2009|date=October 19, 2005}}</ref> The eye is normally circular in shape, and is typically {{convert|30|–|65|km|mi|abbr=on}} in diameter, though eyes as small as {{convert|3|km|mi|abbr=on}} and as large as {{convert|370|km|mi|abbr=on}} have been observed.<ref name="WilmaTCR">{{cite web|last=Pasch|first=Richard J.|author2=Eric S. Blake, Hugh D. Cobb III, and David P. Roberts|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/TCR-AL252005_Wilma.pdf|format=PDF|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Wilma: 15–25 October 2005|publisher= National Hurricane Center |date=September 28, 2006|accessdate=December 14, 2006}}</ref><ref name="MWR Lander 1999">{{cite doi|10.1175/1520-0493(1999)127<0137:ATCWAV>2.0.CO;2}}</ref>