|
U zrelom razdoblju života, čovjek se ostvaruje na poslovnom i [[obitelj]]skom planu. Zdrav i dobro uhranjen čovjek u prosjeku doživi 70-80 [[godina]]. Dokazano je da maksimalni životni vijek iznosi 120 godina.<ref>urednica Ivanka Borovac, preveli s engleskog jezika: Mladen Jurčić, Kristinka Metzger, Ana Vujaklija i Martina Batinica, ''Čovjek'', naslov izvornika: ''Human'' Dorling Kindersley Limited, nakladnik Zdravko Kafol, ISBN 978-953-196-999-4</ref> [[Smrt]] je prestanak [[Biologija|bioloških]] funkcija. [[Ljudska visina|Visina]] većine odraslih ljudi iznosi između 150 i 200 centimetara, a [[težina]] između 50 i 90 kilograma. Jedna od vrlo bitnih osobina čovjeka je uspravan hod.
==Biology Biologija ==
[[File:Anterior view of human female and male, with labels 2.png|thumb|BasicOsnovna anatomicalanatomska features ofsvojstva [[femaležena|žene]] andi [[malemuškarac|muškarca]] humans. TheseNa modelsovim havemodelima hadje [[bodyAndrogena hairdlaka|telesna dlaka]] and malei [[facialdlaka hairsa lica]] removedmuškaraca anduklonjena headi hairkosa trimmed.je Theskraćena. femaleŽenski model isima wearing redcrveni [[naillak za polishnokte]] onna hernjenim [[toenailsNokat|noktima nogu]] andi anosi [[RingPrsten (jewellerynakit)|ringprsten]].]]
[[File:Uomo Vitruviano.jpg|thumb|[[VitruvianVitruvijev Mančovek]], [[Leonardo da VinciVinči]]'sjeva imageslika iskoja oftense usedčesto askoristi ankao impliedsimbol symbolesencijalne ofsimetrije theljudskog essential symmetry of the human bodytela, and by extension, of thei universepo asanalogiji acelekopnog wholesvemira.]]
MostVećina aspectsaspekata ofljudske humanfiziologije physiologyje are closelyblisko [[HomologyHomologija (biologybiologija)|homologoushomologna]] tokorespondirajućim corresponding aspects ofaspektima [[animalživotinja|životinjske]] physiologyfiziologije. The humanLjudsko bodytelo consistsse ofsastoji theod [[legsnoge|nogu]], the [[torsotorzo|torza]], the [[armruka|ruku]]s, the [[neckvrat]]a, and thei [[headglava|glave]]. An [[adultOdrasli|Odraslo]] [[humanljudsko bodytelo]] consistsse ofsastoji aboutod 100 trillionbiliona (10<sup>14</sup>) [[cellćelija (biologybiologija)|cellćelija]]s. TheNajčešće most commonly defineddefinisani [[bodyBiološki systemssistem|telesni sistem]]i inkod humansljudi are thesu [[HumanNervni nervous systemsistem|nervousnervni]], the [[CardiovascularKardiovaskularni systemsistem|cardiovascularkardiovaskularni]], the [[HumanCirkulatorni circulatory systemsistem|circulatorycirkulatorni]], the [[HumanSistem digestiveorgana systemza varenje|digestivedigestivni]], the [[EndocrineEndokrini systemsistem|endocrineendokrini]], the [[HumanImunski immune systemsistem|immuneimunski]], the [[IntegumentaryPokrovni systemsistem|integumentarypokrovni]], the [[LymphaticLimfni systemsistem|lymphaticlimfni]], the [[HumanLjudski musculoskeletalmuskuloskeletalni systemsistem|muscoskeletalmuskoskeletalni]], the [[HumanLjudski reproductivereproduktivni systemsistem|reproductivereproduktivni]], the [[RespiratoryRespiratorni systemsistem|respiratoryrespiratorni]], and thei [[urinaryurinarni systemsistem]].<ref name=Greg_Roza>[http://books.google.com/books?id=vhO8Ia2ik7oC&dq=human+body+cells+trillion&source=gbs_navlinks_s Page 21] Inside the human body: using scientific and exponential notation. Author: Greg Roza. Edition: Illustrated. Publisher: The Rosen Publishing Group, 2007. ISBN 1-4042-3362-8, ISBN 978-1-4042-3362-1. Length: 32pages</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Human Anatomy|url=http://www.innerbody.com/htm/body.html|publisher=Inner Body|accessdate=6 January 2013}}</ref>
HumansLjudi, likepoput mostvećine of the otherdrugih [[apesČovjekoliki majmuni|čovjekolikih majmuna]], lacknemaju externalekterne [[tailrep]]sove, haveimaju severalnekoliko sistema [[bloodKrvna typegrupa|krvnih tipova]] systems, haveimaju odvojene [[opposable thumbPalac|palčeve]]s, and arei [[sexuallySeksualni dimorphicdimorfizam|seksualno su dimorfni]]. TheRelativno comparativelymale minoranatomske anatomicalrazlike differencesizmeđu betweenljudi humans andi [[chimpanzeeČimpanze|šimpanzi]]s aresu arezultat result of humanljudskog [[bipedalismbipedalizam|bipedalizma]]. As a resultKonsekventno, humansljudi aresu slowersporiji overna shortkraćim distancesrastojanjima, butali aresu amongmeđu thenajboljim besttrkačima long-distancena runnersduge instaze theu animalživotinjskom kingdomcarstvu.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/27/health/27well.html | work=The New York Times | title=The Human Body Is Built for Distance | first=Tara | last=Parker-Pope | date=October 27, 2009}}</ref><ref name="O'Neil">{{cite web|last=O'Neil |first=Dennis |title=Humans |url=http://anthro.palomar.edu/primate/prim_8.htm|work=Primates|publisher=Palomar College|accessdate=6 January 2013}}</ref> Humans'Ljudska thinnertanja bodytelesna hairdlaka andi more productiveproduktivnije [[sweatznojna glandžlezda|znojne žlezde]]s helppomažu avoidu izbegavanju [[heatToplotni exhaustionudar|toplotnog udara]] whilepri runningtrčanju forna longduge distancesstaze.<ref>{{cite web|last=John|first=Brenman|title=What is the role of sweating glands in balancing body temperature when running a marathon?|url=http://www.livestrong.com/article/514545-what-is-the-role-of-sweat-glands-in-balancing-body-temperature-when-running-a-marathon/|publisher=Livestrong.com|accessdate=6 January 2013}}</ref>
AsKonsekvenca abipedalizma consequenceje ofda bipedalism,ljudske humanženke femalesimaju have narroweruže [[birthvagina|porođajne canalkanale]]s. The construction of theKonstrukcija [[humanzdjelica|ljudske pelviskarlice]] differsi from[[Prsti othernogu|prstiju [[primatenogu]]s, asse dorazlikuje theod drugih [[toeprimat]]sa. A trade-off for these advantages of the modern human pelvis is that [[childbirth]] is more difficult and dangerous than in most [[mammal]]s, especially given the larger head size of human [[babies]] compared to other primates. This means that human babies must turn around as they pass through the birth canal, which other primates do not do, and it makes humans the only species where females require help from their conspecifics{{clarify|date=May 2014}} to reduce the risks of birthing. As a partial [[evolution]]ary solution, human fetuses are born less developed and more vulnerable. Chimpanzee babies are cognitively more developed than human babies until the age of six months, when the rapid development of human brains surpasses chimpanzees. Another difference between women and chimpanzee females is that women go through the [[menopause]] and become [[Infertility|unfertile]] decades before the end of their lives. All species of non-human apes are capable of giving birth until [[death]]. Menopause probably developed as it has provided an evolutionary advantage (more caring time) to young relatives.<ref name="O'Neil"/>
=== Anatomija ===
|
