Panarapske boje

Panarapske boje jesu crna, bela, zelena i crvena. Svaka od četiri panarapskih boja predstavlja određeni aspekt arapskog naroda i njihove historije.^[3] Crna boja predstavlja "crni standard", odnosno "zastavu orla", celovito crnu zastavu koju je prema muslimanskoj tradiciji vijorio Muhamed, a historično i Abu Muslim Horasani tokom abasidskog ustanka 747. godine protiv Omejadskog Kalifata, koju su potom koristili Abisidski i Rašidunski Kalifat. Belu boju su koristile dinastije Omejadskog i Fatimidskog Kalifata.^[4] Zelena jest boja asocirana s primarnom arapskom verom, Islamom.^[5]^[6] Crvena je boja Hašemitske dinastije. Ove četiri boje svoju moć vuku iz stiha iračkog pesnika Safi al-Din al-Hilli iz 14. veka: „Bela su naša dela, crne naše bitke, zelena naša polja, a crveni naši mačevi.“^[7]

Prva zastava koja je sadržavala sve četiri panarapske boje bila je zastava Arapskog ustanka iz 1916. godine, odnosno zastava Kraljevine Hidžaz. Mnoge današnje i historične zastave arapskih zemalja temelje se na bojama Arapskog ustanka, uključujući Jordan, Kuvajt, Palestinu, Ujedinjene Arapske Emirate, kao i delomično priznate republike Somalilanda i Zapadne Sahare.

U 1950-ima nastao je podskup panarapskih boja, bez ili uz manju istaknutost zelene boje. Trobojnica crvene, bele i crne boje postala je simbol Arapskog oslobodilačkog pokreta povodom Državnog udara u Egiptu 1952. godine.^[8] Na ovim bojama se danas temelje zastave Egipta, Jemena (takođe bivšeg Južnog i Severnog Jemena), Sudana, Sirije i Iraka, a u prošlosti Ujedinjene Arapske Republike i Federacije arapskih republika. Uz manju istaknutost bele boje, panarapske boje sadržava i zastava Libije.^[9]

Galerija uredi

Bivše arapske države ili bivše zastave
Kraljevina Hidžaz (1917–20),^[10] OET Administration (1918–20),^[11] Svepalestinska vlada (1948–59)^[12]
Arapska kraljevina Sirije (8. marta 1920 – 24. jula 1920)^[11]
Kraljevina Hidžaz (1920–26) i Kraljevina Hidžaz i Nadžd (1926-1932);^[10] Emirat Transjordana (1921–28)^[13]
Irak (1921–59)^[14]
Emirat Transjordana (1928–39)^[13]
Sirija (1932–58 i 1961–63),^[11], od 2011. u upotrebi Sirijske privremene vlade i Slobodne sirijske armije
Egipat (1952–1958, vijorena pored nacionalne zastave)
Federacija arapskih republika (Jordana i Iraka) (14. februara 1958 – 2. augusta 1958)^[15]
Ujedinjena Arapska Republika (1958–61), Egipat (1961–72)
Irak (1959–63)
Sjeverni Jemen (1962–90)
Irak (1963–91)^[16]
Sirija（1963-72）
Palestina (1964–2006)^[12]
Hadramaut (1967–69)
Južni Jemen (1967–90), od 2007. u upotrebi Južnojemenskog pokreta
Libija (1969–72)
Federacija arapskih republika; Egipat (1972–84); Sirija (1972–80);^[11] Libija (1972–77)
Sultanat Donja Jafa; Jemen (1800–1967)
Sultanat Mahra (1895–1967)
Arapska Islamska Republika (predloženo 1974, nikad usvojeno)
Irak (1991–2004)^[16]
Irak (2004–08)^[16]

Vidi još uredi

Izvori uredi

↑ ^1,0 ^1,1 Pan-Arab Colors, crwflags.com
↑ Mahdi Abdul-Hadi. „The Great Arab Revolt” (ar). passia.org. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2014-05-05.
↑ Abū Khaldūn Sati' al-Husri (1966). The days of Maysalūn: A Page from the Modern History of the Arabs. Washington D.C.: Middle East Institute.
↑ Edmund Midura, "Flags of the Arab World", in Saudi Aramco World, March/April 1978, pages 4–9
↑ Teitelbaum, Joshua (2001). The rise and fall of the Hashimite kingdom of Arabia. New York: New York University Press. str. 205. ISBN 1-85065-460-3. OCLC 45247314.
↑ Marshall, Tim (2017). A flag worth dying for : the power and politics of national symbols. New York, NY: Scribner, an imprint of Simon & Schuster, Inc. str. 110–111. ISBN 978-1-5011-6833-8. OCLC 962006347.
↑ Muhsin Al-Musawi (2006). Reading Iraq: Culture and Power in Conflict. I.B. Tauris. str. 63.
↑ M. Naguib, Egypt's Destiny, 1955
↑ Znamierowski, Alfred (2003). Illustrated Book of Flags. Southwater. str. 123. ISBN 1-84215-881-3. Pristupljeno 22 November 2014. »The designs of these flags were later modified, but the four pan-Arab colors were retained and were adopted by Transjordan (1921), Palestine (1922), Kuwait (1961), the United Arab Emirates (1971), Western Sahara (1976) and Somaliland (1996).«
↑ ^10,0 ^10,1 Kingdom of Hejaz 1915–1925, Crwflags.com
↑ ^11,0 ^11,1 ^11,2 ^11,3 Historical Flags Overview (Syria), Crwflags.com
↑ ^12,0 ^12,1 Historical Flags (Palestine) , Crwflags.com
↑ ^13,0 ^13,1 Historical Flags (Jordan), Crwflags.com
↑ Kingdom of Iraq (1924–1958), Crwflags.com
↑ Arab Federation of Jordan and Iraq, Crwflags.com
↑ ^16,0 ^16,1 ^16,2 Evolution of the Iraqi Flag, 1963–2008, Crwflags.com

[crw-1] 1,0 ^1,1 Pan-Arab Colors, crwflags.com

[2] Mahdi Abdul-Hadi. „The Great Arab Revolt” (ar). passia.org. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2014-05-05.

[3] Abū Khaldūn Sati' al-Husri (1966). The days of Maysalūn: A Page from the Modern History of the Arabs. Washington D.C.: Middle East Institute.

[4] Edmund Midura, "Flags of the Arab World", in Saudi Aramco World, March/April 1978, pages 4–9

[Teitelbaum_2001_p.205-5] Teitelbaum, Joshua (2001). The rise and fall of the Hashimite kingdom of Arabia. New York: New York University Press. str. 205. ISBN 1-85065-460-3. OCLC 45247314.

[Marshall_2017_p.110-111-6] Marshall, Tim (2017). A flag worth dying for : the power and politics of national symbols. New York, NY: Scribner, an imprint of Simon & Schuster, Inc. str. 110–111. ISBN 978-1-5011-6833-8. OCLC 962006347.

[7] Muhsin Al-Musawi (2006). Reading Iraq: Culture and Power in Conflict. I.B. Tauris. str. 63.

[8] M. Naguib, Egypt's Destiny, 1955

[Ibof-9] Znamierowski, Alfred (2003). Illustrated Book of Flags. Southwater. str. 123. ISBN 1-84215-881-3. Pristupljeno 22 November 2014. »The designs of these flags were later modified, but the four pan-Arab colors were retained and were adopted by Transjordan (1921), Palestine (1922), Kuwait (1961), the United Arab Emirates (1971), Western Sahara (1976) and Somaliland (1996).«

[Hejz-10] 10,0 ^10,1 Kingdom of Hejaz 1915–1925, Crwflags.com

[Syr_Hist-11] 11,0 ^11,1 ^11,2 ^11,3 Historical Flags Overview (Syria), Crwflags.com

[Hist_Pal-12] 12,0 ^12,1 Historical Flags (Palestine) , Crwflags.com

[Jor_Hist-13] 13,0 ^13,1 Historical Flags (Jordan), Crwflags.com

[14] Kingdom of Iraq (1924–1958), Crwflags.com

[15] Arab Federation of Jordan and Iraq, Crwflags.com

[Iraq_2-16] 16,0 ^16,1 ^16,2 Evolution of the Iraqi Flag, 1963–2008, Crwflags.com

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