Oštećenje ozonskog omotača
Najčešći uzroci oštećenja ozonskog omotača su emisije supstanci, koje u različitim kombinacijama sadrže hemijske elemente hlor, fluor, brom, ugljenik i vodonik, poznatije pod nazivom supstance koje oštećuju ozonski omotač.
Pored freona (CFC-a i HCFC-a) i halona, tu se još ubrajaju ugljen tetrahlorid, metil bromid, metil hloroform i bromhlorometan. Ove supstance imaju široku primjenu kao rashladno sredstvo u frižiderima, zamrzivačima i drugim rashladnim uređajima, klima-uređajima i toplotnim pumpama, aerosol raspršivačima, sredstvima za stvaranje pjene, sredstvima za čišćenje i aparatima za gašenje požara.[1]
Supstance koje oštećuju ozon se razgrađuju pod uticajem kratkotalasnog zračenja Sunca, uzrokujući oslobađanje hlora i broma. Ovi gasovi negativno utiču na ozon jer katalitički djeluju na hemijske reakcije koje ga uništavaju.[2]
Reference
uredi- ↑ Andino, Jean M. (21. 10. 1999.). „Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are heavier than air, so how do scientists suppose that these chemicals reach the altitude of the ozone layer to adversely affect it?”. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are heavier than air, so how do scientists suppose that these chemicals reach the altitude of the ozone layer to adversely affect it?. Sci. Am..
- ↑ „Part III. The Science of the Ozone Hole”. Part III. The Science of the Ozone Hole. Pristupljeno 5. 3. 2007.
Literatura
uredi- Dray, Philip; Cagin, Seth (1993). Between earth and sky: how CFCs changed our world and endangered the ozone layer. New York: Pantheon Books. ISBN 0-679-42052-5.
- Roan, Sharon (1989). Ozone crisis: The 15-year evolution of a sudden global emergency. New York: Wiley. ISBN 0-471-52823-4.
- Schiff, Harold; Dotto, Lydia; (1978). The Ozone war. Garden City, N.Y: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-12927-0.
- Ozone diplomacy: New directions in safeguarding the planet. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 1991. ISBN 0-674-65001-8. (Ambassador Benedick was the Chief U.S. Negotiator at the meetings that resulted in the Montreal Protocol.)
- Litfin, Karen (1994). Ozone discourses: Science and politics in global environmental cooperation. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-08137-5.
- Grundmann, Reiner (2001). Transnational Environmental Policy: Reconstructing Ozone. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-22423-3.
- Newman, P. A., Kawa, S. R. and Nash, E. R. (2004). „On the size of the Antarctic ozone hole?”. Geophysical Research Letters 31 (21): L12814. Bibcode 2004GeoRL..3121104N. DOI:10.1029/2004GL020596.
- E. C. Weatherhead, S. B. Andersen (2006). „The search for signs of recovery of the ozone layer”. Nature 441 (7089): 39–45. Bibcode 2006Natur.441...39W. DOI:10.1038/nature04746. PMID 16672963.