Bhaskara II
Bhāskara[1] (također poznat kao Bhāskara II i Bhāskarāchārya ("Bhāskara učitelj"), (1114–1185), bio je indijski matematičar i astronom rodom iz Vijjadavide (Bijāpur u današnjoj držav Karnataka). Bhāskara je po predaji bio načelnik astronomske opservatorije u Ujjainu, glavne naučne institucije u drevnoj indiji. Živio je u oblasti Sahyadri (Patnadevi, Jalgaon, Maharashtra).[1]
Bhāskara i njegovo djelo se smatraju značajnim doprinosom matematičkom i astronomskom znanju 12. vijeka. Nazivan je najvećim matematičarom srednjovjekovne indije.[2] Najvažnije djelo mu je Siddhānta Shiromani, ("Kruna traktatat" na sanskritu [3]), podijeljeno na četiri dijela - Lilāvati, Bijaganita, Grahaganita and Golādhyāya.[4] Oni se bave aritmetikom, algebrom, matematikom planate i sfera. Također je napisao traktakt pod nazivom Karna Kautoohala.
Bhāskarino djelo o kalkulusu prethodi Newtonom i Leibnizom više od pola mileniujuma.[5][6] Posebno je poznat po otkriću diferencijalnog računa i njegovoj primjeni u astronomiji. [7]
IzvoriUredi
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Pingree 1970, str. 299.
- ↑ Chopra 1982, str. 52–54.
- ↑ Plofker 2009, str. 71.
- ↑ Poulose 1991, str. 79.
- ↑ Seal 1915, str. 80.
- ↑ Sarkar 1918, str. 23.
- ↑ Goonatilake 1999, str. 134.
LiteraturaUredi
- Sarkār, Benoy Kumar (1918), Hindu achievements in exact science: a study in the history of scientific development, Longmans, Green and co., http://books.google.com/?id=p6c5AAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&q
- Seal, Sir Brajendranath (1915), The positive sciences of the ancient Hindus, Longmans, Green and co., http://books.google.com/?id=jw88gCyGZQMC&printsec=frontcover&q
- Pingree, David Edwin (1970), Census of the Exact Sciences in Sanskrit, Volume 146, American Philosophical Society, ISBN 978-0-87169-146-0, http://books.google.com/?id=RQoNAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&q
- Plofker, Kim (2009), Mathematics in India, Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-0-691-12067-6, http://books.google.com/?id=DHvThPNp9yMC&printsec=frontcover&vq=bhaskara&q=bhaskara
- Colebrooke, Henry T. (1817), Arithmetic and mensuration of Brahmegupta and Bhaskara, http://books.google.com/?id=wYI_AAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&q
- White (1978), "Tibet, India, and Malaya as Sources of Western Medieval Technology", Medieval religion and technology: collected essays, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-03566-9, http://books.google.com/?id=quCh9tAW1jcC&printsec=frontcover&q
- Selin, Helaine, ur. (2008), "Astronomical Instruments in India", Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures (2nd edition), Springer Verlag Ny, ISBN 978-1-4020-4559-2
- Shukla, Kripa Shankar (1984), "Use of Calculus in Hindu Mathematics", Indian Journal of History of Science 19
- Cooke, Roger (1997), "The Mathematics of the Hindus", The History of Mathematics: A Brief Course, Wiley-Interscience, ISBN 0-471-18082-3
- Poulose, K. G. (1991), K. G. Poulose, ur., Scientific heritage of India, mathematics, Volume 22 of Ravivarma Samskr̥ta granthāvali, Govt. Sanskrit College (Tripunithura, India)
- Chopra, Pran Nath (1982), Religions and communities of India, Vision Books, ISBN 978-0-85692-081-3
- Goonatilake, Susantha (1999), Toward a global science: mining civilizational knowledge, Indiana University Press, ISBN 978-0-253-21182-8, http://books.google.com/?id=MdgnAiDFSLUC&printsec=frontcover&q
- Selin, Helaine; D'Ambrosio, Ubiratan, ur. (2001), Mathematics across cultures: the history of non-western mathematics, Volume 2 of Science across cultures, Springer, ISBN 978-1-4020-0260-1, http://books.google.com/?id=2hTyfurOH8AC&printsec=frontcover&q
- Stillwell, John (2002), Mathematics and its history, Undergraduate texts in mathematics, Springer, ISBN 978-0-387-95336-6, http://books.google.com/?id=WNjRrqTm62QC&printsec=frontcover&q