Acetilkarnitin

Acetilkarnitin
(IUPAC) ime
	(R)-3-acetiloksi-4-trimetilamono-butanoat
Klinički podaci
AHFS/Drugs.com	Internacionalno ime leka
Identifikatori
CAS broj	3040-38-8
ATC kod	N06BX12
PubChem	7045767
ChemSpider	5406074
UNII	6DH1W9VH8Q
ChEBI	CHEBI:57589
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1697733
Hemijski podaci
Formula	C9H17NO4
Mol. masa	203,236
SMILES	eMolekuli & PubHem
InChI
	InChI=1S/C9H17NO4/c1-7(11)14-8(5-9(12)13)6-10(2,3)4/h8H,5-6H2,1-4H3/t8-/m1/s1 ; Key: RDHQFKQIGNGIED-MRVPVSSYSA-N
Farmakoinformacioni podaci
Trudnoća	?
Pravni status

Acetil-L-karnitin (ALCAR) je acetilisana forma L-karnitina. On je dijetarni suplement i prirodno se javlja u biljkama i životinjama.

Biohemijsko formiranje i dejstvo uredi

ALCAR je acetilisani derivat L-karnitina. Tokom napornog vežbanja, veliki deo L-karnitina i neiskorišćenog acetil-CoA se konvertuje do ALCAR i CoA unutar mitohondrija posredstvom karnitin O-acetiltransferaze.^[5] ALCAR se transportuje izvan mitohondrija gde se konvertuje u dva konstituenta. L-karnitin se reciklira nazad u mitohondrije gde se koristi u metabolizmu masnih kiselina.^[6]^[7] Višak acetil-CoA ima za posledicu da se ugljeni hidrati u većoj meri koriste za energiju tokom vežbanja nego masne kiseline. Do toga dolazi putem različitih mehanizama unutar i izvan mitohondrija. ALCAR transport umanjuje koncentraciju acetil-CoA unutar mitohondrija.^[8]^[9] Glukozni metabolizam se povećava administracijom bilo ALCAR^[10] ili L-karnitina.^[11] Deo L-karnitina se konvertuje kod ljudi u ALCAR nakon unosa hrane.^[12]

Reference uredi

↑ Li Q, Cheng T, Wang Y, Bryant SH (2010). „PubChem as a public resource for drug discovery.”. Drug Discov Today 15 (23-24): 1052-7. DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2010.10.003. PMID 20970519. edit
↑ Evan E. Bolton, Yanli Wang, Paul A. Thiessen, Stephen H. Bryant (2008). „Chapter 12 PubChem: Integrated Platform of Small Molecules and Biological Activities”. Annual Reports in Computational Chemistry 4: 217-241. DOI:10.1016/S1574-1400(08)00012-1.
↑ Hettne KM, Williams AJ, van Mulligen EM, Kleinjans J, Tkachenko V, Kors JA. (2010). „Automatic vs. manual curation of a multi-source chemical dictionary: the impact on text mining”. J Cheminform 2 (1): 3. DOI:10.1186/1758-2946-2-3. PMID 20331846. edit
↑ Gaulton A, Bellis LJ, Bento AP, Chambers J, Davies M, Hersey A, Light Y, McGlinchey S, Michalovich D, Al-Lazikani B, Overington JP. (2012). „ChEMBL: a large-scale bioactivity database for drug discovery”. Nucleic Acids Res 40 (Database issue): D1100-7. DOI:10.1093/nar/gkr777. PMID 21948594. edit
↑ Zeyner A, Harmeyer J (1999). „Metabolic functions of L-carnitine and its effects as feed additive in horses. A review”. Archiv Für Tierernährung 52 (2): 115–38. PMID 10548966.
↑ Longnus SL, Wambolt RB, Barr RL, Lopaschuk GD, Allard MF (October 2001). „Regulation of myocardial fatty acid oxidation by substrate supply”. American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology 281 (4): H1561–7. PMID 11557544.
↑ Lysiak W, Lilly K, DiLisa F, Toth PP, Bieber LL (January 1988). „Quantitation of the effect of L-carnitine on the levels of acid-soluble short-chain acyl-CoA and CoASH in rat heart and liver mitochondria”. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 263 (3): 1151–6. PMID 3335535. ^{[mrtav link]}
↑ Kiens B (January 2006). „Skeletal muscle lipid metabolism in exercise and insulin resistance”. Physiological Reviews 86 (1): 205–43. DOI:10.1152/physrev.00023.2004. PMID 16371598.
↑ Lopaschuk GD, Gamble J (October 1994). „The 1993 Merck Frosst Award. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase: an important regulator of fatty acid oxidation in the heart”. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 72 (10): 1101–9. PMID 7882173.
↑ Giancaterini A, De Gaetano A, Mingrone G, et al. (June 2000). „Acetyl-L-carnitine infusion increases glucose disposal in type 2 diabetic patients”. Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental 49 (6): 704–8. DOI:10.1053/meta.2000.6250. PMID 10877193.
↑ Mingrone G, Greco AV, Capristo E, et al. (February 1999). „L-carnitine improves glucose disposal in type 2 diabetic patients”. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 18 (1): 77–82. PMID 10067662. ^{[mrtav link]}
↑ Cao Y, Wang YX, Liu CJ, Wang LX, Han ZW, Wang CB (2009). „Comparison of pharmacokinetics of L-carnitine, acetyl-L-carnitine and propionyl-L-carnitine after single oral administration of L-carnitine in healthy volunteers”. Clinical and Investigative Medicine 32 (1): E13–9. PMID 19178874.

Literatura uredi

Jane Higdon, "L-Carnitine", Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University
Carnitine (L-carnitine), University of Maryland Medical Center

[1] Li Q, Cheng T, Wang Y, Bryant SH (2010). „PubChem as a public resource for drug discovery.”. Drug Discov Today 15 (23-24): 1052-7. DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2010.10.003. PMID 20970519. edit

[2] Evan E. Bolton, Yanli Wang, Paul A. Thiessen, Stephen H. Bryant (2008). „Chapter 12 PubChem: Integrated Platform of Small Molecules and Biological Activities”. Annual Reports in Computational Chemistry 4: 217-241. DOI:10.1016/S1574-1400(08)00012-1.

[3] Hettne KM, Williams AJ, van Mulligen EM, Kleinjans J, Tkachenko V, Kors JA. (2010). „Automatic vs. manual curation of a multi-source chemical dictionary: the impact on text mining”. J Cheminform 2 (1): 3. DOI:10.1186/1758-2946-2-3. PMID 20331846. edit

[4] Gaulton A, Bellis LJ, Bento AP, Chambers J, Davies M, Hersey A, Light Y, McGlinchey S, Michalovich D, Al-Lazikani B, Overington JP. (2012). „ChEMBL: a large-scale bioactivity database for drug discovery”. Nucleic Acids Res 40 (Database issue): D1100-7. DOI:10.1093/nar/gkr777. PMID 21948594. edit

[5] Zeyner A, Harmeyer J (1999). „Metabolic functions of L-carnitine and its effects as feed additive in horses. A review”. Archiv Für Tierernährung 52 (2): 115–38. PMID 10548966.

[6] Longnus SL, Wambolt RB, Barr RL, Lopaschuk GD, Allard MF (October 2001). „Regulation of myocardial fatty acid oxidation by substrate supply”. American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology 281 (4): H1561–7. PMID 11557544.

[7] Lysiak W, Lilly K, DiLisa F, Toth PP, Bieber LL (January 1988). „Quantitation of the effect of L-carnitine on the levels of acid-soluble short-chain acyl-CoA and CoASH in rat heart and liver mitochondria”. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 263 (3): 1151–6. PMID 3335535. ^{[mrtav link]}

[8] Kiens B (January 2006). „Skeletal muscle lipid metabolism in exercise and insulin resistance”. Physiological Reviews 86 (1): 205–43. DOI:10.1152/physrev.00023.2004. PMID 16371598.

[9] Lopaschuk GD, Gamble J (October 1994). „The 1993 Merck Frosst Award. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase: an important regulator of fatty acid oxidation in the heart”. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 72 (10): 1101–9. PMID 7882173.

[10] Giancaterini A, De Gaetano A, Mingrone G, et al. (June 2000). „Acetyl-L-carnitine infusion increases glucose disposal in type 2 diabetic patients”. Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental 49 (6): 704–8. DOI:10.1053/meta.2000.6250. PMID 10877193.

[11] Mingrone G, Greco AV, Capristo E, et al. (February 1999). „L-carnitine improves glucose disposal in type 2 diabetic patients”. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 18 (1): 77–82. PMID 10067662. ^{[mrtav link]}

[12] Cao Y, Wang YX, Liu CJ, Wang LX, Han ZW, Wang CB (2009). „Comparison of pharmacokinetics of L-carnitine, acetyl-L-carnitine and propionyl-L-carnitine after single oral administration of L-carnitine in healthy volunteers”. Clinical and Investigative Medicine 32 (1): E13–9. PMID 19178874.

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